Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Stress Health. 2023 Feb;39(1):182-196. doi: 10.1002/smi.3173. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
We investigated whether parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) responses to social-evaluative threat at age 14 were related to the number of substances used between ages 14 and 16 among Mexican-origin adolescents (N = 243; 70.4% had never used substances by 14). Participants completed the Trier Social Stress Test, while cardiac measures of parasympathetic and SNS activity were measured continuously using respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and pre-ejection period (PEP), respectively. Participants reported whether they had ever used alcohol, marijuana, and cigarettes, and had ever vaped nicotine in their lifetime at ages 14 and 16. Multilevel models were used to test associations between RSA and PEP responses at age 14 and substance use at 16. Among youth who had not used substances by 14, dampened RSA and PEP responses, and profiles of greater coinhibition and lower reciprocal SNS activation between RSA and PEP, at age 14 were associated with using substances by 16. Among youth who used by 14, exaggerated PEP responses were associated with using more substances by age 16. Taken together, dampened autonomic responses to social-evaluative threat predicted initiation of substance use over two years, and difficulties with coordination of physiological responses may confer risk for substance use in adolescence.
我们调查了 14 岁时青少年对社会评价威胁的副交感和交感神经系统（SNS）反应是否与 14 至 16 岁期间使用的物质数量有关（N=243；70.4%的人在 14 岁时从未使用过物质）。参与者完成了特里尔社会压力测试，同时使用呼吸窦性心律失常（RSA）和射血前期（PEP）连续测量副交感和 SNS 活动的心脏测量。参与者报告了他们在 14 岁和 16 岁时是否曾经使用过酒精、大麻和香烟，以及是否曾经在一生中使用过尼古丁蒸气。使用多层次模型测试了 14 岁时 RSA 和 PEP 反应与 16 岁时物质使用之间的关联。在 14 岁时没有使用过物质的青少年中，14 岁时 RSA 和 PEP 反应减弱，以及 RSA 和 PEP 之间 coinhibition 增加和 reciprocal SNS 激活减少的特征与 16 岁时使用物质有关。在 14 岁时使用过物质的青少年中，PEP 反应过度与 16 岁时使用更多物质有关。总的来说，对社会评价威胁的自主反应减弱预测了两年内物质使用的开始，而生理反应协调困难可能会增加青少年物质使用的风险。
