Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, POB 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
Genobiomics LLC, Oulu, Finland.
Med Microbiol Immunol. 2022 Aug;211(4):185-194. doi: 10.1007/s00430-022-00741-w. Epub 2022 Jun 14.
Mother vaginal microbes contribute to microbiome of vaginally delivered neonates. Child microbiome can be associated with autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). We collected vaginal DNA samples from 25 mothers with a vaginally delivered child diagnosed with T1D and samples from 24 control mothers who had vaginally delivered a healthy child and analyzed bacteriome and mycobiome of the samples. The total DNA of the samples was extracted, and ribosomal DNA regions (16S for bacteria, ITS2 for fungi) were amplified, followed by next-generation sequencing and machine learning. We found that alpha-diversity of bacteriome was increased (P < 0.002), whereas alpha-diversity of mycobiome was decreased (P < 0.001) in mothers with a diabetic child compared to the control mothers. Beta-diversity analysis suggested differences in mycobiomes between the mother groups (P = 0.001). Random forest models were able to effectively predict diabetes and control status of unknown samples (bacteria: 0.86 AUC, fungi: 0.96 AUC). Our data indicate several fungal genera and bacterial metabolic pathways of mother vaginal microbiome to be associated with child T1D. We suggest that early onset of T1D in a child has a relationship with altered mother vaginal microbiome and that both bacteriome and mycobiome contribute to this shift.
母亲阴道微生物有助于阴道分娩新生儿的微生物组。儿童微生物组可能与自身免疫性疾病有关，例如 1 型糖尿病 (T1D)。我们从 25 名阴道分娩的 T1D 患儿的母亲中收集了阴道 DNA 样本，从 24 名阴道分娩健康婴儿的对照母亲中收集了样本，并分析了样本的细菌组和真菌组。提取样本的总 DNA，扩增核糖体 DNA 区域（细菌的 16S，真菌的 ITS2），然后进行下一代测序和机器学习。我们发现，与对照组母亲相比，患有糖尿病儿童的母亲的细菌组 alpha 多样性增加（P<0.002），而真菌组 alpha 多样性降低（P<0.001）。β多样性分析表明母亲群体之间的真菌组存在差异（P=0.001）。随机森林模型能够有效预测未知样本的糖尿病和对照状态（细菌：0.86 AUC，真菌：0.96 AUC）。我们的数据表明，母亲阴道微生物组的几个真菌属和细菌代谢途径与儿童 T1D 有关。我们认为，儿童 T1D 的早期发病与母亲阴道微生物组的改变有关，细菌组和真菌组都促成了这种改变。
