Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410006, China.
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Microbiome. 2022 Jun 14;10(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s40168-022-01288-x.
Prokaryote-virus interactions play key roles in driving biogeochemical cycles. However, little is known about the drivers shaping their interaction network structures, especially from the host features. Here, we compiled 7656 species-level genomes in 39 prokaryotic phyla across environments globally and explored how their interaction specialization is constrained by host life history traits, such as growth rate.
We first reported that host growth rate indicated by the reverse of minimal doubling time was negatively related to interaction specialization for host in host-provirus network across various ecosystems and taxonomy groups. Such a negative linear growth rate-specialization relationship (GrSR) was dependent on host optimal growth temperature (OGT), and stronger toward the two gradient ends of OGT. For instance, prokaryotic species with an OGT ≥ 40 °C showed a stronger GrSR (Pearson's r = -0.525, P < 0.001). Significant GrSRs were observed with the presences of host genes in promoting the infection cycle at stages of adsorption, establishment, and viral release, but nonsignificant with the presence of immune systems, such as restriction-modification systems and CRISPR-Cas systems. Moreover, GrSR strength was increased with the presence of temperature-dependent lytic switches, which was also confirmed by mathematical modeling.
Together, our results advance our understanding of the interactions between prokaryotes and proviruses and highlight the importance of host growth rate in interaction specialization during lysogenization. Video Abstract.
原核生物-病毒相互作用在推动生物地球化学循环中起着关键作用。然而，对于塑造它们相互作用网络结构的驱动因素，特别是从宿主特征方面，我们知之甚少。在这里，我们在全球范围内的 39 个原核门中编译了 7656 个种水平的基因组，并探讨了宿主生活史特征（如生长率）如何限制它们的相互作用特化。
我们首次报告了，在宿主-噬菌体网络中，由最小倍增时间的倒数表示的宿主生长率与宿主的相互作用特化呈负相关，这种负线性生长率-特化关系（GrSR）依赖于宿主最佳生长温度（OGT），并且在 OGT 的两个梯度端更强。例如，OGT≥40°C 的原核物种表现出更强的 GrSR（Pearson's r = -0.525，P<0.001）。在吸附、建立和病毒释放等感染周期阶段，宿主基因促进感染的存在会出现显著的 GrSR，但在免疫防御系统（如限制修饰系统和 CRISPR-Cas 系统）的存在下则没有出现显著的 GrSR。此外，GrSR 强度随着温度依赖性裂解开关的存在而增加，这也通过数学建模得到了证实。
总之，我们的研究结果增进了我们对原核生物与前病毒相互作用的理解，并强调了宿主生长率在溶原化过程中相互作用特化中的重要性。
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