Wei Wei, Pan Yongli, Yang Xinyu, Chen Zhonglun, Heng Yue, Yang Bufan, Pu Mingjun, Zuo Jiacai, Lai Zhuhong, Tang Yufeng, Xin Wenqiang
Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
J Inflamm Res. 2022 Jun 9;15:3395-3407. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S362865. eCollection 2022.
Eukaryotic cells release different types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, apoptotic bodies and microvesicles. EVs carry proteins, lipids and nucleic acids specific to cells and cell states. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process, which, along with EVs, can significantly affect the development and progression of neurological diseases and, therefore, has been the hotspot. Generally, EVs and autophagy are closely associated. EVs and autophagy can interact with each other. On the one hand, the level of autophagy in target cells is closely related to the secretion and transport of EVs. In another, the application of EVs provides a great opportunity for adjuvant treatment of neurological disorders, for which autophagy is an excellent target. EVs can release their cargos into target cells, which, in turn, regulate the autophagic level of target cells through autophagy-related proteins directly and the non-coding RNA, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphodiesterase enzyme (PDE) 1-B, etc. signaling pathways indirectly, thus regulating the development of related neurological disorders.
真核细胞会释放不同类型的细胞外囊泡（EVs），包括外泌体、凋亡小体和微囊泡。细胞外囊泡携带特定于细胞和细胞状态的蛋白质、脂质和核酸。自噬是一种细胞内降解过程，它与细胞外囊泡一起，会显著影响神经疾病的发展和进程，因此一直是研究热点。一般来说，细胞外囊泡和自噬密切相关。细胞外囊泡和自噬可以相互作用。一方面，靶细胞中的自噬水平与细胞外囊泡的分泌和运输密切相关。另一方面，细胞外囊泡的应用为神经疾病的辅助治疗提供了一个很好的机会，而自噬是一个很好的靶点。细胞外囊泡可以将其内含物释放到靶细胞中，进而通过自噬相关蛋白直接以及非编码RNA、信号转导子和转录激活子3（STAT3）、磷酸二酯酶（PDE）1 - B等信号通路间接调节靶细胞的自噬水平，从而调控相关神经疾病的发展。
