Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2022;56:319-332. doi: 10.1007/7854_2022_366.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating, chronic disorder and efficacy rates of current PTSD treatments are underwhelming. There is a critical need for innovative approaches. We provide an overview of trauma and PTSD and cite literature providing converging evidence of the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for PTSD. No study to date has investigated psilocybin or psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) as treatments for PTSD. An open-label study in traumatized AIDS survivors found that PAP reduced PTSD symptoms, attachment anxiety, and demoralization. Several PAP trials show preliminary efficacy in facilitating confronting traumatic memories, decreasing emotional avoidance, depression, anxiety, pessimism, and disconnection from others, and increasing acceptance, self-compassion, and forgiveness of abusers, all of which are relevant to PTSD recovery. There is also early evidence that other classic psychedelics may produce large reductions in PTSD symptoms in combat veterans. However, this body of literature is small, mechanisms are not yet well understood, and the risks of using psychedelic compounds for trauma-related disorders need further study. In sum, evidence supports further investigation of PAP as a radically new approach for treating PTSD.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是一种使人衰弱的慢性疾病，目前 PTSD 治疗方法的疗效乏善可陈。因此，我们迫切需要创新的方法。我们提供了创伤和 PTSD 的概述，并引用了一些文献，这些文献提供了迷幻蘑菇治疗 PTSD 的潜在疗效的证据。迄今为止，尚无研究调查过迷幻蘑菇或迷幻蘑菇辅助心理治疗（PAP）是否可用于治疗 PTSD。一项针对艾滋病幸存者的创伤后应激障碍的开放性研究发现，PAP 可减轻 PTSD 症状、依恋焦虑和沮丧感。几项 PAP 试验初步显示出有助于面对创伤记忆、减少情绪回避、抑郁、焦虑、悲观和与他人脱节的疗效，并提高对施虐者的接受度、自我同情和宽恕，所有这些都与 PTSD 的恢复有关。也有早期证据表明，其他经典迷幻药可能会使退伍军人的 PTSD 症状大幅减轻。然而，这方面的文献还很少，作用机制尚不清楚，使用迷幻化合物治疗与创伤相关的疾病的风险需要进一步研究。总之，有证据支持进一步研究 PAP 作为一种治疗 PTSD 的全新方法。
