The World Premier International Research Center (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), 1012 IFReC Research Building, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Int Immunol. 2022 Sep 6;34(9):485-490. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxac027.
An increasing body of literature reveals that host-microbe networks are well coordinated and impact human health and disease. Recently, it has become evident that an abnormal alteration in bacterial configuration in the oral cavity, namely oral dysbiosis, caused by periodontal inflammation, is associated with various distant inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. However, the extent to which the relationships between oral and distant disorders are merely an association or are causally triggered by oral microorganisms remains debated. In this mini-review, we highlight mechanisms in inter-related organ system diseases, particularly the one between oral and gut inflammation. Further, we discuss clinical perspectives and propose a novel concept of a multi-hit hypothesis in the pathogenesis of gut inflammation, on the basis of our updated knowledge of shared microbiological and immunological pathways between the oral and gut mucosae.
越来越多的文献表明，宿主-微生物网络是协调一致的，会影响人类的健康和疾病。最近，人们已经明显认识到，由牙周炎引起的口腔内细菌结构异常（即口腔微生态失调）与各种远处炎症性疾病有关，包括炎症性肠病。然而，口腔和远处疾病之间的关系仅仅是一种关联，还是口腔微生物引起的因果关系，仍然存在争议。在这篇小型综述中，我们重点介绍了相关器官系统疾病的机制，特别是口腔和肠道炎症之间的关系。此外，我们还讨论了临床观点，并根据我们对口腔和肠道黏膜之间共享的微生物和免疫学途径的最新认识，提出了一种肠道炎症发病机制中的多打击假说的新概念。
