Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, FL, 32611, USA.
J Plant Physiol. 2022 Aug;275:153740. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153740. Epub 2022 Jun 10.
Abiotic stressors are one of the major factors affecting agricultural output. Plants have evolved adaptive systems to respond appropriately to various environmental cues. These responses can be accomplished by modulating or fine-tuning genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Understanding the response of plants' molecular features to abiotic stress is a priority in the current period of continued environmental changes. Epigenetic modifications are necessary that control gene expression by changing chromatin status and recruiting various transcription regulators. The present study summarized the current knowledge on epigenetic modifications concerning plant responses to various environmental stressors. The functional relevance of epigenetic marks in regulating stress tolerance has been revealed, and epigenetic changes impact the effector genes. This study looks at the epigenetic mechanisms that govern plant abiotic stress responses, especially DNA methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, chromatin remodeling, and various metabolites. Plant breeders will benefit from a thorough understanding of these processes to create alternative crop improvement approaches. Genome editing with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas) provides genetic tools to make agricultural genetic engineering more sustainable and publicly acceptable.
非生物胁迫是影响农业产量的主要因素之一。植物已经进化出适应性系统，以适当响应各种环境线索。这些响应可以通过调节或微调遗传和表观遗传调控机制来实现。了解植物分子特征对非生物胁迫的反应是当前持续环境变化时期的优先事项。表观遗传修饰是必需的，它通过改变染色质状态和招募各种转录调节剂来控制基因表达。本研究总结了关于植物对各种环境胁迫因子响应的表观遗传修饰的最新知识。已经揭示了表观遗传标记在调节胁迫耐受性方面的功能相关性，并且表观遗传变化影响效应基因。本研究探讨了控制植物非生物胁迫响应的表观遗传机制，特别是 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白甲基化/乙酰化、染色质重塑和各种代谢物。植物育种家将受益于对这些过程的深入了解，以创造替代的作物改良方法。利用成簇规律间隔短回文重复/CRISPR 相关蛋白（CRISPR/Cas）的基因组编辑为农业遗传工程提供了更可持续和更被公众接受的遗传工具。
