Han Guoliang, Li Yuxia, Yang Zongran, Wang Chengfeng, Zhang Yuanyuan, Wang Baoshan
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jun 1;13:910228. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.910228. eCollection 2022.
Plant trichomes, protrusions formed from specialized aboveground epidermal cells, provide protection against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Trichomes can be unicellular, bicellular or multicellular, with multiple branches or no branches at all. Unicellular trichomes are generally not secretory, whereas multicellular trichomes include both secretory and non-secretory hairs. The secretory trichomes release secondary metabolites such as artemisinin, which is valuable as an antimalarial agent. Cotton trichomes, also known as cotton fibers, are an important natural product for the textile industry. In recent years, much progress has been made in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of trichome formation in , , , , , , and . Here, we review current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying fate determination and initiation, elongation, and maturation of unicellular, bicellular and multicellular trichomes in several representative plants. We emphasize the regulatory roles of plant hormones, transcription factors, the cell cycle and epigenetic modifications in different stages of trichome development. Finally, we identify the obstacles and key points for future research on plant trichome development, and speculated the development relationship between the salt glands of halophytes and the trichomes of non-halophytes, which provides a reference for future studying the development of plant epidermal cells.
植物毛状体是由特化的地上表皮细胞形成的突起，可抵御各种生物和非生物胁迫。毛状体可以是单细胞、双细胞或多细胞的，有多个分支或根本没有分支。单细胞毛状体通常不具有分泌功能，而多细胞毛状体包括分泌性和非分泌性的毛。分泌性毛状体释放青蒿素等次生代谢产物，青蒿素作为抗疟药物具有重要价值。棉毛状体，也称为棉纤维，是纺织工业的重要天然产物。近年来，在揭示拟南芥、番茄、棉花、水稻、玉米、大豆和黄瓜中毛状体形成的分子机制方面取得了很大进展。在这里，我们综述了几种代表性植物中单细胞、双细胞和多细胞毛状体在命运决定、起始、伸长和成熟的分子机制的现有知识。我们强调了植物激素、转录因子、细胞周期和表观遗传修饰在毛状体发育不同阶段的调控作用。最后，我们确定了植物毛状体发育未来研究的障碍和关键点，并推测了盐生植物盐腺与非盐生植物毛状体之间的发育关系，为今后研究植物表皮细胞的发育提供参考。
