Wang Pengzhen, Zhang Shaoheng, Meng Qingqi, Zhu Pingping, Yuan Wei
Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Ann Transl Med. 2022 May;10(10):610. doi: 10.21037/atm-22-1715.
Cartilage defects and degeneration have a major impact on daily mobility and quality of life for millions of people worldwide. As the most effective seed cells for tissue engineering applications in regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells with mesoderm and neural crest origin. The combination of biomaterial scaffolds with stem cells and drugs for cartilage damage repair has brought much hope to the medical field.
We searched and compared the literature on cartilage damage repaired by stem cells through PubMed and Web of Science method, this review summarizes the research progress of mesenchymal stem cells from various tissue sources in repairing articular cartilage injury.
We found that peripheral blood, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord are classic stem cell sources. Stem cells can be stimulated by various growth factors, recombinant proteins, or important monomers to generate cartilage in vitro. At the same time, MSCs obtained from various sources can secrete different growth factors to further regulate their own cartilage formation. These stem cells may promote the cartilage damage repair by promoting differentiation and fighting inflammation.
This review summarizes and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the ability of MSCs from different sources to treat cartilage injury, and provides help and identification for the subsequent in-depth research and preclinical application of various MSCs.
软骨缺损和退变对全球数百万人的日常活动能力和生活质量产生重大影响。间充质干细胞（MSCs）作为再生医学组织工程应用中最有效的种子细胞，是起源于中胚层和神经嵴的多能细胞。生物材料支架与干细胞及药物联合用于软骨损伤修复，为医学领域带来了很大希望。
我们通过PubMed和Web of Science方法检索并比较了关于干细胞修复软骨损伤的文献，本综述总结了来自各种组织来源的间充质干细胞在修复关节软骨损伤方面的研究进展。
我们发现外周血、骨髓、脐带血、脂肪组织和脐带是经典的干细胞来源。干细胞可受到各种生长因子、重组蛋白或重要单体的刺激在体外生成软骨。同时，从各种来源获得的间充质干细胞可分泌不同的生长因子以进一步调节自身的软骨形成。这些干细胞可能通过促进分化和抗炎来促进软骨损伤修复。
本综述总结并讨论了不同来源的间充质干细胞治疗软骨损伤能力的优缺点，为后续各种间充质干细胞的深入研究和临床前应用提供帮助和参考。
