Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain.
Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jun 6;23(11):6356. doi: 10.3390/ijms23116356.
The success of regenerative medicine in various clinical applications depends on the appropriate selection of the source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Indeed, the source conditions, the quality and quantity of MSCs, have an influence on the growth factors, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and secrete bioactive factors of the regenerative milieu, thus influencing the clinical result. Thus, optimal source selection should harmonize this complex setting and ensure a well-personalized and effective treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from several sources, including bone marrow and adipose tissue, already used in orthopedic regenerative applications. In this sense, for bone, dental, and oral injuries, MSCs could provide an innovative and effective therapy. The present review aims to compare the properties (proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, angiogenic capacity, differentiation potential, and secretome) of MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental tissue to enable clinicians to select the best source of MSCs for their clinical application in bone and oral tissue regeneration to delineate new translational perspectives. A review of the literature was conducted using the search engines Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. An analysis of different publications showed that all sources compared (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), and dental tissue mesenchymal stem cells (DT-MSCs)) are good options to promote proper migration and angiogenesis, and they turn out to be useful for gingival, dental pulp, bone, and periodontal regeneration. In particular, DT-MSCs have better proliferation rates and AT and G-MSC sources showed higher clonogenicity. MSCs from bone marrow, widely used in orthopedic regenerative medicine, are preferable for their differentiation ability. Considering all the properties among sources, BM-MSCs, AT-MSCs, and DT-MSCs present as potential candidates for oral and dental regeneration.
再生医学在各种临床应用中的成功取决于间充质干细胞（MSCs）来源的适当选择。事实上，来源条件、MSC 的质量和数量会影响再生微环境中的生长因子、细胞因子、细胞外囊泡和分泌的生物活性因子，从而影响临床结果。因此，最佳来源选择应协调这种复杂的环境，并确保个性化和有效的治疗。间充质干细胞（MSCs）可以从几种来源获得，包括骨髓和脂肪组织，这些来源已经用于骨科再生应用。从这个意义上说，对于骨骼、牙齿和口腔损伤，MSCs 可以提供一种创新和有效的治疗方法。本综述旨在比较来源于骨髓、脂肪组织和牙齿组织的 MSCs 的特性（增殖、迁移、克隆形成能力、血管生成能力、分化潜能和分泌组），以使临床医生能够为其在骨骼和口腔组织再生中的临床应用选择最佳的 MSCs 来源，以描绘新的转化视角。使用 Web of Science、Pubmed、Scopus 和 Google Scholar 搜索引擎进行了文献综述。对不同出版物的分析表明，所有比较的来源（骨髓间充质干细胞（BM-MSCs）、脂肪组织间充质干细胞（AT-MSCs）和牙齿组织间充质干细胞（DT-MSCs））都是促进适当迁移和血管生成的良好选择，并且它们对于牙龈、牙髓、骨骼和牙周组织再生很有用。特别是，DT-MSCs 具有更高的增殖率，而 AT 和 G-MSC 来源显示出更高的克隆形成能力。广泛用于骨科再生医学的骨髓来源 MSCs 因其分化能力而更受青睐。考虑到来源之间的所有特性，BM-MSCs、AT-MSCs 和 DT-MSCs 是口腔和牙齿再生的潜在候选者。
