Queiroz Sarha A L, Ton Alyne M M, Pereira Thiago M C, Campagnaro Bianca P, Martinelli Larissa, Picos Aitor, Campos-Toimil Manuel, Vasquez Elisardo C
Laboratory of Translational Physiology and Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, Brazil.
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFES), Vila Velha, Brazil.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Jun 1;13:872594. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.872594. eCollection 2022.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disorder of integrative areas of the brain, characterized by cognitive decline and disability resulting in negative impacts on the family of the patients and the health care services worldwide. AD involves oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and accelerated apoptosis, accompanied by deposition of amyloid-β peptide plaques and tau protein-based neurofibrillary tangles in the central nervous system. Among the multiple factors that contribute to the onset and evolution of this disease, aging stands out. That is why the prevalence of this disease has increased due to the constant increase in life expectancy. In the hope of finding new, more effective methods to slow the progression of this disease, over the last two decades, researchers have promoted "omics"-based approaches that include the gut microbiota and their reciprocal interactions with different targets in the body. This scientific advance has also led to a better understanding of brain compartments and the mechanisms that affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. This review aims to discuss recent advances related to the gut-brain-microbiota axis in AD. Furthermore, considering that AD involves psychiatric symptoms, this review also focuses on the psychiatric factors that interact with this axis (an issue that has not yet been sufficiently addressed in the literature).
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种累及大脑整合区域的进行性且无法治愈的神经退行性疾病，其特征为认知功能衰退和功能障碍，对患者家庭以及全球医疗服务均产生负面影响。AD涉及氧化应激、神经炎症和加速的细胞凋亡，同时伴有淀粉样β肽斑块沉积和中枢神经系统中基于tau蛋白的神经原纤维缠结。在导致该疾病发生和发展的多种因素中，衰老尤为突出。正因如此，随着预期寿命的不断增加，这种疾病的患病率也有所上升。为了找到新的、更有效的方法来减缓这种疾病的进展，在过去二十年里，研究人员推动了基于“组学”的方法，其中包括肠道微生物群及其与体内不同靶点的相互作用。这一科学进展也使人们对脑区室以及影响血脑屏障完整性的机制有了更好的理解。本综述旨在讨论与AD中肠-脑-微生物群轴相关的最新进展。此外，鉴于AD涉及精神症状，本综述还关注与该轴相互作用的精神因素（这一问题在文献中尚未得到充分探讨）。
