Department of Chemical Sciense, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
Nat Prod Rep. 2022 Aug 17;39(8):1591-1621. doi: 10.1039/d2np00025c.
Covering: 2000 to 2022Natural products are a vital source of compounds for use in agriculture, medicine, cosmetics, and other fields. Macrolides are a wide group of natural products found in plants and microorganisms. They are a group of polyketides constituted of different-sized rings and characterized by the presence of a lactone group. These compounds show different biological activities, such as antiviral, antiparasitic, antifungal, antibacterial, immunosuppressive, herbicidal, and cytotoxic activities. This review is focused on macrolides isolated from fungal sources, examining their biological activities, stereochemistry, and structure-activity relationships. The review reports the chemical and biological characterization of fungal macrolides isolated in the last four decades, with assistance from SciFinder searches. A critical evaluation of the most recent reviews covering this area is also provided. The content provided in this review is of interest to chemists focusing on natural substances, plant pathologists and physiologists, botanists, mycologists, biologists, and pharmacologists. Furthermore, it is of interest to farmers and agri-food specialists and those working in the medicinal and cosmetic industries due to the potential practical application of macrolides. Politicians could also be interested in this class of natural compound, as the practical application of these macrolides in the above-cited fields could reduce environmental pollution and increase consumer satisfaction with respect to food, providing reduced or zero risk to human and animal health along with increased nutraceutical value.
2000 年至 2022 年天然产物是农业、医药、化妆品和其他领域化合物的重要来源。大环内酯类化合物是植物和微生物中广泛存在的一类天然产物。它们是由不同大小的环组成的聚酮类化合物，其特征是存在内酯基团。这些化合物表现出不同的生物活性，如抗病毒、抗寄生虫、抗真菌、抗菌、免疫抑制、除草和细胞毒性活性。本综述重点介绍了从真菌来源分离得到的大环内酯类化合物，研究了它们的生物活性、立体化学和结构-活性关系。本综述报告了过去四十年中分离得到的真菌大环内酯类化合物的化学和生物学特性，借助 SciFinder 检索进行了研究。还对该领域最近的综述进行了批判性评价。本综述提供的内容对专注于天然物质的化学家、植物病理学家和生理学家、植物学家、真菌学家、生物学家和药理学家具有重要意义。此外，由于大环内酯类化合物在医药和化妆品行业的潜在实际应用，它对农民和农业食品专家以及从事这些领域的人员也具有重要意义。大环内酯类化合物的实际应用可以减少环境污染，提高消费者对食品的满意度，降低或消除对人类和动物健康的风险，同时增加其营养保健品的价值，因此，政策制定者也可能对这一类天然化合物感兴趣。
