Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), 80138 Naples, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 7;24(6):5116. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065116.
Fungal phytotoxins can be defined as secondary metabolites toxic to host plants and are believed to be involved in the symptoms developed of a number of plant diseases by targeting host cellular machineries or interfering with host immune responses. As any crop, legumes can be affected by a number of fungal diseases, causing severe yield losses worldwide. In this review, we report and discuss the isolation, chemical, and biological characterization of fungal phytotoxins produced by the most important necrotrophic fungi involved in legume diseases. Their possible role in plant-pathogen interaction and structure-toxicity relationship studies have also been reported and discussed. Moreover, multidisciplinary studies on other prominent biological activity conducted on reviewed phytotoxins are described. Finally, we explore the challenges in the identification of new fungal metabolites and their possible applications in future experiments.
真菌植物毒素可以被定义为对宿主植物有毒的次生代谢物，据信它们通过靶向宿主细胞机制或干扰宿主免疫反应而参与多种植物病害的症状发展。与任何作物一样，豆类作物可能会受到多种真菌病害的影响，从而在全球范围内造成严重的产量损失。在本综述中，我们报告和讨论了参与豆类病害的最重要的坏死真菌产生的真菌植物毒素的分离、化学和生物学特性。还报告和讨论了它们在植物-病原体相互作用和结构-毒性关系研究中的可能作用。此外，还描述了对所综述的植物毒素进行的其他突出生物学活性的多学科研究。最后，我们探讨了识别新真菌代谢物及其在未来实验中可能应用的挑战。
