Storz Maximilian Andreas, Ronco Alvaro Luis
Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital, 79106Freiburg, Germany.
Unit of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Pereira Rossell Women's Hospital, Bvard. Artigas 1590, 11600Montevideo, Uruguay.
Br J Nutr. 2022 Jun 22;129(6):1-14. doi: 10.1017/S0007114522001908.
The percentage of US adults following low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) doubled in the last decade. Some researchers observed this trend with concern and highlighted the potential for nutritional deficiencies and impaired overall diet quality with LCD. The present study investigated nutrient intake in a nationally representative sample of 307 US adults following an LCD. Using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, we compared nutrient intake profiles in said individuals with the daily nutritional goals specified in the current 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Results were then compared with the general population consuming a standard American diet. Almost 57 % of low-carbohydrate dieters were female, and the mean age was 48·67 (1·35) years. Individuals consuming LCD exceeded the recommendations for saturated fat, total lipid and sodium intake (both sexes). An insufficient intake was observed for fibre, Mg, potassium and several other vitamins (vitamins A, E, D in both sexes as well as vitamin C in men and folate in women). Neither men nor women met the recommendations for fibre intake. A comparable picture was found for the general population. The potentially insufficient intake of several essential nutrients in LCD warrants consideration and a careful assessment with regard to the current DGA.
在过去十年中，遵循低碳水化合物饮食（LCD）的美国成年人比例翻了一番。一些研究人员对此趋势表示担忧，并强调了低碳水化合物饮食导致营养缺乏和整体饮食质量受损的可能性。本研究调查了307名遵循低碳水化合物饮食的美国成年人的全国代表性样本中的营养摄入情况。利用国家健康和营养检查调查的横断面数据，我们将上述个体的营养摄入情况与2020 - 2025年现行《美国人膳食指南》（DGA）规定的每日营养目标进行了比较。然后将结果与食用标准美国饮食的普通人群进行比较。近57%的低碳水化合物节食者为女性，平均年龄为48.67（1.35）岁。食用低碳水化合物饮食的个体饱和脂肪、总脂质和钠的摄入量超过了建议值（男女皆是）。膳食纤维、镁、钾和其他几种维生素（男女的维生素A、E、D以及男性的维生素C和女性的叶酸）的摄入量不足。男性和女性都未达到膳食纤维摄入的建议值。普通人群的情况类似。低碳水化合物饮食中几种必需营养素的潜在摄入不足值得关注，并需根据现行的《美国人膳食指南》进行仔细评估。
