教师的自评健康状况：患病率、预测因素及其对旷工、出勤但工作效率低下和病假的影响。
Self-rated health among teachers: prevalence, predictors, and impact on absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave.
作者信息
Coledam Diogo Henrique Constantino, de Arruda Gustavo Aires, Ribeiro Edineia Aparecida Gomes, Cantieri Francys Paula
机构信息
Educação Física, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, Boituva, SP, Brazil.
Enfermagem, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
出版信息
Rev Bras Med Trab. 2021 Dec 30;19(4):426-436. doi: 10.47626/1679-4435-2021-619. eCollection 2021 Oct-Dec.
INTRODUCTION
Self-rated health is an important indicator of health in the population, but among teachers, predictive sociodemographic, occupational, and health variables and the impact of self-rated health on absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick-leave are unknown.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with poor self-rated health among elementary school teachers and to investigate whether poor self-rated health can predict absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave.
METHODS
The sample comprised 493 elementary school teachers from Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess self-rated health and sociodemographic, occupational, and lifestyle factors, health indicators, chronic diseases, disabilities, and number of days of absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios and rate ratios.
RESULTS
The prevalence of poor self-rated health was 16.4% and the variables positively associated with this outcome were health insurance (prevalence ratio = 2.35), inadequate school infrastructure (prevalence ratio = 1.56), physical activity (prevalence ratio = 0.60), poor perceived fitness (prevalence ratio = 2.44), voice disorders (prevalence ratio =1.46), common mental disorders (prevalence ratio = 1.74), emotional exhaustion (prevalence ratio = 1.61), low personal accomplishment (prevalence ratio = 1.64), chronic disease (prevalence ratio = 2.39), and disability (prevalence ratio = 1.57). Poor self-rated health was positively associated with both absenteeism (rate ratio=1.71) and presenteeism (rate ratio = 1.74).
CONCLUSIONS
Occupational and individual characteristics associated with impaired physical and mental health should be targeted to improve self-rated health among teachers. Furthermore, a single question on self-rated health is a useful tool for monitoring and preventing absenteeism and presenteeism among teachers.
引言
自我评估健康状况是人群健康的一项重要指标，但在教师群体中，预测性的社会人口统计学、职业和健康变量以及自我评估健康状况对旷工、出勤主义和病假的影响尚不清楚。
目的
本研究的目的是确定小学教师中自我评估健康状况不佳的患病率及其相关因素，并调查自我评估健康状况不佳是否可预测旷工、出勤主义和病假情况。
方法
样本包括来自巴西巴拉那州隆德里纳的493名小学教师。采用自填式问卷评估自我评估健康状况以及社会人口统计学、职业和生活方式因素、健康指标、慢性病、残疾情况以及旷工、出勤主义和病假天数。使用泊松回归估计患病率比和率比。
结果
自我评估健康状况不佳的患病率为16.4%，与这一结果呈正相关的变量有医疗保险（患病率比=2.35）、学校基础设施不足（患病率比=1.56）、体育活动（患病率比=0.60）、自感健康状况差（患病率比=2.44）、嗓音障碍（患病率比=1.46）、常见精神障碍（患病率比=1.74）、情感耗竭（患病率比=1.61）、个人成就感低（患病率比=1.64）、慢性病（患病率比=2.39）和残疾（患病率比=1.57）。自我评估健康状况不佳与旷工（率比=1.71）和出勤主义（率比=1.74）均呈正相关。
结论
应针对与身心健康受损相关的职业和个人特征，以改善教师的自我评估健康状况。此外，关于自我评估健康状况的单一问题是监测和预防教师旷工和出勤主义的有用工具。
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