Institut Teknologi Bandung, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW72AZ, UK.
Mar Drugs. 2022 May 26;20(6):352. doi: 10.3390/md20060352.
Microbes in marine ecosystems are known to produce secondary metabolites. One of which are carotenoids, which have numerous industrial applications, hence their demand will continue to grow. This review highlights the recent research on natural carotenoids produced by marine microorganisms. We discuss the most recent screening approaches for discovering carotenoids, using in vitro methods such as culture-dependent and culture-independent screening, as well as in silico methods, using secondary metabolite Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (smBGCs), which involves the use of various rule-based and machine-learning-based bioinformatics tools. Following that, various carotenoids are addressed, along with their biological activities and metabolic processes involved in carotenoids biosynthesis. Finally, we cover the application of carotenoids in health and pharmaceutical industries, current carotenoids production system, and potential use of synthetic biology in carotenoids production.
海洋生态系统中的微生物被认为能产生次生代谢物。其中之一是类胡萝卜素，它具有许多工业应用，因此其需求将继续增长。本综述强调了海洋微生物产生的天然类胡萝卜素的最新研究。我们讨论了使用体外方法（如依赖培养和非依赖培养筛选）和基于生物信息学的方法（使用次级代谢物生物合成基因簇（smBGCs））发现类胡萝卜素的最新筛选方法，涉及使用各种基于规则和基于机器学习的生物信息学工具。之后，我们介绍了各种类胡萝卜素，以及它们的生物活性和参与类胡萝卜素生物合成的代谢过程。最后，我们介绍了类胡萝卜素在健康和制药行业的应用、当前的类胡萝卜素生产系统以及合成生物学在类胡萝卜素生产中的潜在应用。
