Heredia-Elvar Juan Ramón, Hernández-Lougedo Juan, Maicas-Pérez Luis, Notario-Alonso Raúl, Garnacho-Castaño Manuel Vicente, García-Fernández Pablo, Maté-Muñoz José Luis
Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain.
Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Jun 2;11(6):851. doi: 10.3390/biology11060851.
Background: The aim of this study was to verify the reproducibility of a resistance training protocol in the bench press (BP) exercise, based on traditional recommendations, analysing the effect of the muscle fatigue of each set and of the whole exercise protocol. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, thirty male physical education students were divided into three groups according to their relative strength ratio (RSR), and they performed a 1RM BP test (T1). In the second session (T2), which was one week after T1, the participants performed a BP exercise protocol of three sets with the maximum number of repetitions (MNR) possible to muscle failure, using a relative load corresponding to 70% 1RM determined through the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) obtained from the individual load−velocity relationship, with 2 min rests between sets. Two weeks later, a third session (T3) identical to the second session (T2) was performed. The MPV of each repetition of each set and the blood lactate level after each set were calculated, and mechanical fatigue was quantified through the velocity loss percentage of the set (% loss MPV) and in a pre-post exercise test with an individual load that could be lifted at ~1 m·s−1 of MPV. Results: The number of repetitions performed in each set was significantly different (MNR for the total group of participants: set 1 = 12.50 ± 2.19 repetitions, set 2 = 6.06 ± 1.98 repetitions and set 3 = 4.20 ± 1.99 repetitions), showing high variation coefficients in each of the sets and between groups according to RSR. There were significant differences also in MPVrep Best (set 1 = 0.62 ± 0.10 m·s−1, set 2 = 0.42 ± 0.07 m·s−1, set 3 = 0.36 ± 0.10 m·s−1), which significantly reduced the % loss MPV of all sets (set 1 = 77.4%, set 2 = 64%, set 3 = 54.2%). The lactate levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) (set 1 = 4.9 mmo·L−1, set 2 = 6 mmo·L−1, set 3 = 6.5 mmo·L−1), and MPV loss at 1 m·s−1 after performing the three sets was 36% in T2 and 34% in T3, with acceptable intrasubject variability (MPV at 1 m·s−1 pre-exercise: SEM ≤ 0.09 m·s−1, CV = 9.8%; MPV at 1 m·s−1 post-exercise: SEM ≤ 0.07 m·s−1, CV = 11.7%). Conclusions: These exercise propositions are difficult to reproduce and apply. Moreover, the number of repetitions performed in each set was significantly different, which makes it difficult to define and control the intensity of the exercise. Lastly, the fatigue generated in each set could have an individual response depending on the capacity of each subject to recover from the preceding maximum effort.
本研究旨在验证基于传统建议的卧推（BP）练习中阻力训练方案的可重复性，分析每组肌肉疲劳以及整个训练方案的效果。方法：在这项横断面研究中，30名男性体育专业学生根据其相对力量比（RSR）分为三组，他们进行了一次1RM卧推测试（T1）。在T1一周后的第二次测试（T2）中，参与者进行了三组卧推练习，每组以最大重复次数（MNR）进行直至肌肉疲劳，使用通过个体负荷-速度关系获得的平均推进速度（MPV）确定的相当于70% 1RM的相对负荷，组间休息2分钟。两周后，进行了与第二次测试（T2）相同的第三次测试（T3）。计算每组每次重复的MPV以及每组后的血乳酸水平，并通过每组的速度损失百分比（%损失MPV）以及在运动前后测试中使用可在约1 m·s−1的MPV下举起的个体负荷来量化机械疲劳。结果：每组完成的重复次数有显著差异（所有参与者组的MNR：第1组 = 12.50 ± 2.19次重复，第2组 = 6.06 ± 1.98次重复，第3组 = 4.20 ± 1.99次重复），每组以及根据RSR分组的组间均显示出较高的变异系数。MPVrep Best也存在显著差异（第1组 = 0.62 ± 0.10 m·s−1，第2组 = 0.42 ± 0.07 m·s−1，第3组 = 0.36 ± 0.10 m·s−1），这显著降低了所有组的%损失MPV（第1组 = 77.4%，第2组 = 64%，第3组 = 54.2%）。乳酸水平显著升高（p < 0.05）（第1组 = 4.9 mmo·L−1，第2组 = 6 mmo·L−1，第3组 = 6. mmo·L−1），三组练习后1 m·s−1时的MPV损失在T2中为36%，在T3中为34%，受试者内变异性可接受（运动前1 m·s−1时的MPV：SEM≤0.09 m·s−1, CV = 9.8%；运动后1 m·s−1时的MPV：SEM≤0.07 m·s−1, CV = 11.7%）。结论：这些练习方案难以重复和应用。此外，每组完成的重复次数有显著差异，这使得难以定义和控制练习强度。最后，每组产生的疲劳可能因每个受试者从前一次最大努力中恢复的能力而有个体差异。
