Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Sports and Computers Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, SPAIN.
Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, Seville, SPAIN.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020 Aug;52(8):1752-1762. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002295.
This study aimed to compare the effects of four resistance training (RT) programs with different velocity loss (VL) thresholds: 0% (VL0), 10% (VL10), 20% (VL20), and 40% (VL40) on sprint and jump performance, muscle strength, neuromuscular, muscle hypertrophy, and architectural adaptations.
Sixty-four young resistance-trained men were randomly assigned into four groups (VL0, VL10, VL20, and VL40) that differed in the VL allowed in each set. Subjects followed an RT program for 8 wk (two sessions per week) using the full-squat (SQ) exercise, with similar relative intensity (70%-85% 1-repetition maximum), number of sets (3), and interset recovery period (4 min). Before and after the RT program, the following tests were performed: 1) muscle hypertrophy and architecture of the vastus lateralis (VLA), 2) tensiomyography, 3) 20-m running sprint, 4) vertical jump, 5) maximal voluntary isometric contraction in SQ, 6) progressive loading test in SQ, and 7) fatigue test.
No between-group differences existed for RT-induced gains in sprint, jump, and strength performance despite the differences in the total volume performed by each group. VL20 and VL40 showed significant increases (P < 0.001) in muscle hypertrophy (group-time interaction, P = 0.06). However, only VL40 exhibited a significant slowing (P < 0.001) of the delay time in the VLA muscle (group-time interaction, P = 0.05). Moreover, VL40 showed a significant decrease in the early rate of force development (P = 0.04).
Higher VL thresholds (i.e., VL20 and VL40) maximized hypertrophic adaptations, although an excessive VL during the set (i.e., VL40) may also induce negative neuromuscular adaptations. Therefore, moderate VL thresholds should be chosen to maximize strength adaptations and to prevent negative neuromuscular adaptations.
本研究旨在比较四种不同速度损失（VL）阈值的抗阻训练（RT）方案的效果：0%（VL0）、10%（VL10）、20%（VL20）和 40%（VL40），这些方案在冲刺和跳跃表现、肌肉力量、神经肌肉、肌肉肥大和结构适应方面存在差异。
64 名年轻的抗阻训练男性被随机分配到四个组（VL0、VL10、VL20 和 VL40），每组的 VL 允许值不同。受试者使用全蹲（SQ）练习进行为期 8 周（每周两次）的 RT 计划，具有相似的相对强度（70%-85%1 次重复最大值）、组数（3）和组间恢复时间（4 分钟）。在 RT 计划前后进行了以下测试：1）股外侧肌（VLA）的肌肉肥大和结构，2）张力肌图，3）20 米冲刺跑，4）垂直跳跃，5）SQ 的最大自主等长收缩，6）SQ 的渐进负荷测试，7）疲劳测试。
尽管每组完成的总工作量不同，但在 RT 引起的冲刺、跳跃和力量表现的增加方面，组间没有差异。VL20 和 VL40 显示出肌肉肥大的显著增加（P < 0.001）（组-时间交互作用，P = 0.06）。然而，只有 VL40 显示出 VLA 肌肉延迟时间的显著减慢（P < 0.001）（组-时间交互作用，P = 0.05）。此外，VL40 显示出早期力量发展率的显著下降（P = 0.04）。
较高的 VL 阈值（即 VL20 和 VL40）最大限度地促进了肥大适应，尽管在一组中存在过大的 VL（即 VL40）也可能导致负性神经肌肉适应。因此，应选择适度的 VL 阈值以最大限度地提高力量适应，并防止负性神经肌肉适应。
