Inoue Yutaka, Cormanes Lianne, Yoshimura Kana, Sano Aiko, Hori Yumiko, Suzuki Ryuichiro, Kanamoto Ikuo
Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 3500295, Japan.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Care Professions, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines.
Foods. 2022 Jun 19;11(12):1803. doi: 10.3390/foods11121803.
The present study investigated the effect of apple consumption on postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels in subjects with normal versus impaired glucose tolerance. The study participants were ten healthy subjects with no glucose intolerance (normal subjects) (mean, 24.4 ± 4.8 years) and nine subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (mean, 45.2 ± 11.1 years, including 2 on insulin therapy). The test meal included white rice (148 g) and a Fuji apple (150 g). The normal subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the apple-first group, wherein the subjects consumed white rice 5 min after consuming the apple, and the rice-first group, wherein the subjects consumed an apple 5 min after consuming the white rice. Blood samples were then taken from both groups for 3 h. In addition, the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance received the same treatment as the normal subjects, with the difference being glucose level monitoring according to the order in which the apples were consumed. In the normal subjects, the Cmax of Δblood glucose and Δinsulin levels were 54.0 ± 5.0 mg/dL and 61.9 ± 7.2 µU/dL versus 46.2 ± 5.9 mg/dL and 49.8 ± 8.5 µU/dL in the rice-first and apple-first groups, respectively. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of insulin tended to decrease in the apple-first group. In the impaired glucose tolerance subjects, the Cmax of Δblood glucose was 75.2 ± 7.2 mg/dL in the apple-first group compared to 90.0 ± 10.0 mg/dL in the rice-first group, which was a significant difference (p < 0.05). The iAUC of blood glucose was lower in the apple-first group. Eating an apple before a meal may be a simple and effective strategy for managing the glycaemic response in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.
本研究调查了食用苹果对糖耐量正常和糖耐量受损受试者餐后血糖和胰岛素水平的影响。研究参与者包括10名无糖耐量异常的健康受试者（正常受试者）（平均年龄24.4±4.8岁）和9名糖耐量受损的受试者（平均年龄45.2±11.1岁，其中2人接受胰岛素治疗）。测试餐包括白米饭（148克）和一个富士苹果（150克）。正常受试者被随机分为两组：先吃苹果组，即受试者在吃苹果5分钟后吃白米饭；先吃米饭组，即受试者在吃白米饭5分钟后吃苹果。然后两组均采集血样3小时。此外，糖耐量受损的受试者接受与正常受试者相同的治疗，不同之处在于根据食用苹果的顺序监测血糖水平。在正常受试者中，先吃米饭组和先吃苹果组的血糖变化峰值（Cmax）分别为54.0±5.0毫克/分升和46.2±5.9毫克/分升，胰岛素变化峰值分别为61.9±7.2微国际单位/分升和49.8±8.5微国际单位/分升。先吃苹果组胰岛素曲线下增量面积（iAUC）有下降趋势。在糖耐量受损的受试者中，先吃苹果组血糖变化峰值为75.2±7.2毫克/分升，先吃米饭组为90.0±10.0毫克/分升，差异有统计学意义（p<0.05）。先吃苹果组血糖的iAUC较低。饭前吃苹果可能是一种简单有效的策略，可用于管理糖耐量受损个体的血糖反应。
