Department of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland.
Molecules. 2023 Mar 10;28(6):2536. doi: 10.3390/molecules28062536.
Polyphenols are an important component of plant-derived food with a wide spectrum of beneficial effects on human health. For many years, they have aroused great interest, especially due to their antioxidant properties, which are used in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Unfortunately, as with any chemical substance, depending on the conditions, dose, and interactions with the environment, it is possible for polyphenols to also exert harmful effects. This review presents a comprehensive current state of the knowledge on the negative impact of polyphenols on human health, describing the possible side effects of polyphenol intake, especially in the form of supplements. The review begins with a brief overview of the physiological role of polyphenols and their potential use in disease prevention, followed by the harmful effects of polyphenols which are exerted in particular situations. The individual chapters discuss the consequences of polyphenols' ability to block iron uptake, which in some subpopulations can be harmful, as well as the possible inhibition of digestive enzymes, inhibition of intestinal microbiota, interactions of polyphenolic compounds with drugs, and impact on hormonal balance. Finally, the prooxidative activity of polyphenols as well as their mutagenic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic effects are presented. According to the authors, there is a need to raise public awareness about the possible side effects of polyphenols supplementation, especially in the case of vulnerable subpopulations.
多酚是植物源性食品的重要组成部分，对人类健康具有广泛的有益影响。多年来，它们引起了极大的兴趣，特别是由于其抗氧化特性，可用于预防和治疗许多疾病。不幸的是，与任何化学物质一样，多酚也可能产生有害影响，这取决于条件、剂量以及与环境的相互作用。 本篇综述介绍了多酚对人类健康的负面影响的最新知识，描述了多酚摄入的可能副作用，特别是以补充剂的形式。 综述首先简要概述了多酚的生理作用及其在疾病预防中的潜在用途，然后介绍了多酚在特定情况下产生的有害作用。 各个章节讨论了多酚抑制铁吸收的能力所产生的后果，在某些亚人群中，这可能是有害的，以及多酚对消化酶的抑制作用、对肠道微生物群的抑制作用、多酚化合物与药物的相互作用以及对激素平衡的影响。 最后，介绍了多酚的促氧化活性以及它们的致突变、致癌和遗传毒性作用。 根据作者的观点，需要提高公众对多酚补充剂可能产生的副作用的认识，特别是对于脆弱的亚人群。
