Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 12;19(12):7200. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127200.
The COVID-19 pandemic made it clear to the world that better preparedness for future pandemics is paramount. This study aims to explore how the 2018 Jordan's Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) assessment plan (conducted utilizing a standardized tool of the CDC National Inventory of Core Capabilities for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response) reflected on the initial COVID-19 response. A qualitative, single intrinsic case study design, utilizing interpretivist approach, was utilized to interview subject-matter experts and explore the potential reflection of PIP assessment on COVID-19 response. Utilizing a mini-Delphi approach, the interviews aimed at generating an in-depth understanding of how the Jordan's PIP risk assessment reflects on the country's response to COVID-19. The following 12 core capabilities, along with their reflections on COVID-19, were assessed: country planning, research and use of findings, communications, epidemiologic capability, laboratory capability, routine influenza surveillance, national respiratory disease surveillance, outbreak response, resources for containment, community-based interventions to prevent the spread of influenza, infection control (IC), and health sector pandemic response. Jordan's experience and preparedness for influenza may have served as a crucial guide to establishing success in COVID-19 control and mitigation. Surveillance, outbreak, and research activities were very well established in Jordan's PIP, whereas surge capacity in human capital and health facility were identified as two high-risk areas. However, the limitation in these two areas was met during the COVID-19 response. Still, human capital suffered fatigue, and there was an evident lack of laboratory testing plans when COVID-19 cases increased. Jordan's experience with PIP may have served as a guide for establishing successful COVID-19 control and mitigation. The established PIP principles, systems, and capacities seem to have reflected well on fighting against COVID-19 in terms of more efficient utilization of available surveillance, laboratory, outbreak management, and risk communications. This reflection facilitated a better mitigation and control of COVID-19.
新冠疫情大流行向全世界表明，更好地为未来的大流行做准备至关重要。本研究旨在探讨 2018 年约旦大流感防范计划（利用美国疾病控制与预防中心国家大流感防范与应对核心能力库存的标准化工具进行）如何反映在最初的新冠疫情应对上。本研究采用定性、单一内在案例研究设计，利用解释主义方法，对主题专家进行访谈，探索 PIP 评估对新冠疫情应对的潜在反映。利用小型德尔菲法，访谈旨在深入了解约旦的大流感防范风险评估如何反映该国对新冠疫情的应对。评估了以下 12 项核心能力及其对新冠疫情的反映：国家规划、研究和利用研究结果、沟通、流行病学能力、实验室能力、常规流感监测、国家呼吸道疾病监测、疫情应对、遏制资源、社区流感传播干预、感染控制（IC）和卫生部门大流感应对。约旦在流感方面的经验和防范可能为其在新冠疫情控制和缓解方面的成功提供了重要指导。监测、疫情和研究活动在约旦的大流感防范计划中得到了很好的建立，而人力资本和卫生设施的扩充能力被确定为两个高风险领域。然而，在新冠疫情应对期间，这两个领域的局限性得到了满足。尽管如此，人力资本还是感到疲劳，而且当新冠病例增加时，实验室检测计划明显不足。约旦在大流感防范计划方面的经验可能为建立成功的新冠疫情控制和缓解提供了指导。既定的大流感防范计划原则、系统和能力似乎在利用现有监测、实验室、疫情管理和风险沟通方面反映良好，从而更有效地对抗新冠疫情。这种反映促进了对新冠疫情的更好缓解和控制。
