1 Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy.
2 Physics Department, CNR-SPIN, Genoa, Italy.
Percept Mot Skills. 2019 Oct;126(5):862-885. doi: 10.1177/0031512519865849. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
Regular practice of sport activities yields psychophysical benefits for both the general population and persons affected by physical or intellectual impairments. Practicing competitive sport may add further value to these benefits. The objective of this observational cross-sectional study was to investigate the role of competitive sport practice in enhancing self-perceived psychophysical well-being of some select participants, using the Psychological General Well-Being Index and the Short Form-12 indices. We recruited at national events 100 young Italian competitive swimmers affected by physical or intellectual impairment. These respondents' results were compared with those of a control group of 100 Italian participants who did not practice competitive sport but who were also affected by physical or intellectual impairment, randomly selected from rehabilitation clinics and communities of young people with disabilities. Scores of psychological and emotional well-being were higher by 40% or more for the practitioners of competitive sport ( < .0001; Cohen's effect size ≥ 1.3). While our study's results suggest possible positive psychophysical benefits to competitive sport practice for young people affected by physical or intellectual impairment, longitudinal research is needed to be certain that our results are not due to self-selection into sports participation of those persons with disabilities who have a uniquely higher sense of well-being.
定期进行体育活动可以给普通人群和身体或智力受损人群带来身心上的益处。参加竞技体育可能会为这些益处带来更多的价值。本观察性横断面研究的目的是使用心理综合幸福感指数和简短 12 项健康调查问卷，调查竞技体育实践对某些特定参与者增强自我感知身心健康的作用。我们在全国性活动中招募了 100 名患有身体或智力障碍的年轻意大利竞技游泳运动员。将这些受访者的结果与从康复诊所和残疾青年社区随机选择的、不参加竞技运动但同样患有身体或智力障碍的 100 名意大利对照组参与者的结果进行比较。竞技运动参与者的心理和情绪健康得分高出 40%或更多（<0.0001；Cohen 的效应量≥1.3）。虽然我们的研究结果表明，竞技体育实践可能对身体或智力受损的年轻人有积极的身心益处，但需要进行纵向研究，以确定我们的结果不是由于那些具有独特更高幸福感的残疾人自我选择参加体育运动所致。
