Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jun 13;23(12):6580. doi: 10.3390/ijms23126580.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease and the leading cause of hypothyroidism, in which damage to the thyroid gland occurs due to the infiltration of lymphocytes. It is characterized by increased levels of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. In this review, we present the metabolic profile, the effectiveness of micronutrient supplementation and the impact of dietary management in patients with HT. For this current literature review, the databases PubMed, Cochrane, Medline and Embase were reviewed from the last ten years until March 2022. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. Many patients with HT, even in the euthyroid state, have excess body weight, metabolic disorders, and reduced quality of life. Due to frequent concomitant nutritional deficiencies, the role of vitamin D, iodine, selenium, magnesium, iron and vitamin B12 is currently debated. Several studies have underlined the benefits of vitamin D and selenium supplementation. There is still no specific diet recommended for patients with HT, but a protective effect of an anti-inflammatory diet rich in vitamins and minerals and low in animal foods has been suggested. There is insufficient evidence to support a gluten-free diet for all HT patients. Pharmacotherapy, along with appropriate nutrition and supplementation, are important elements of medical care for patients with HT. The abovementioned factors may decrease autoantibody levels, improve thyroid function, slow down the inflammatory process, maintain proper body weight, relieve symptoms, and prevent nutritional deficiencies and the development of metabolic disorders in patients with HT.
桥本甲状腺炎（HT）是最常见的自身免疫性疾病，也是导致甲状腺功能减退症的主要原因，其甲状腺的损伤是由于淋巴细胞浸润所致。它的特点是甲状腺过氧化物酶和甲状腺球蛋白的抗体水平升高。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了桥本甲状腺炎患者的代谢特征、微量营养素补充的有效性以及饮食管理的影响。为了进行本次文献综述，我们检索了 PubMed、Cochrane、Medline 和 Embase 数据库，检索时间为过去十年至 2022 年 3 月。本文对最近的随机对照试验、荟萃分析和临床试验进行了全面综述。许多桥本甲状腺炎患者，即使甲状腺功能正常，也存在超重、代谢紊乱和生活质量下降的问题。由于经常同时存在营养缺乏，目前维生素 D、碘、硒、镁、铁和维生素 B12 的作用存在争议。许多研究强调了补充维生素 D 和硒的益处。目前还没有推荐给桥本甲状腺炎患者的特定饮食，但建议采用富含维生素和矿物质、低动物蛋白的抗炎饮食。没有足够的证据支持所有桥本甲状腺炎患者都要进行无麸质饮食。药物治疗以及适当的营养和补充剂是桥本甲状腺炎患者医疗护理的重要组成部分。上述因素可能降低自身抗体水平、改善甲状腺功能、减缓炎症进程、维持适当的体重、缓解症状，并预防桥本甲状腺炎患者的营养缺乏和代谢紊乱。
