Nykänen Laura, Manfredini Daniele, Lobbezoo Frank, Kämppi Antti, Colonna Anna, Zani Alessandra, Almeida André Mariz, Emodi-Perlman Alona, Savolainen Aslak, Bracci Alessandro, Ahlberg Jari
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland.
School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical Technologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2022 Jun 15;11(12):3444. doi: 10.3390/jcm11123444.
The prevalence of awake bruxism (AB) has been reported as being 30%, with sleep bruxism (SB) at 9−15%. Most studies have focused on SB, emphasizing the importance of AB research. For epidemiological evaluations of AB, a smartphone application based on ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was introduced. The aims of this multi-center study were: (1) to investigate how well lay subjects comprehend the AB terminology used in the smartphone application, and (2) to find out whether professional instruction improved their comprehension. The study population consisted of lay subjects from Italy, Portugal, and Finland comprising 307 individuals (156 men, 151 women; 18−86 years). Subjects first completed a five-item questionnaire about the meanings of the five AB terms used in the smartphone application. Each question offered four answer options, with one being correct. Immediately afterwards, the meanings of the terms were instructed. Lastly, the subjects were re-tested with the same questionnaire. In Finland and Italy, the re-tested correct answer scores for the single terms were at 89−97% per term. Improved comprehension was seen across sex, education, and age groups. In the Portuguese data, no improvement was found. Significant differences were found between countries in the improved scores for all terms that were correct following the instruction (Finland, 16.3% to 72.1%; Italy, 32.3% to 83.8%; Portugal, 23.1% to 33.7%) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, standardized instruction on AB terminology prior to EMA is recommended to improve the reliability of collected data.
据报道，觉醒性磨牙（AB）的患病率为30%，睡眠性磨牙（SB）为9%-15%。大多数研究都集中在睡眠性磨牙上，强调了觉醒性磨牙研究的重要性。为了对觉醒性磨牙进行流行病学评估，引入了一种基于生态瞬时评估（EMA）的智能手机应用程序。这项多中心研究的目的是：（1）调查非专业受试者对智能手机应用程序中使用的觉醒性磨牙术语的理解程度，以及（2）了解专业指导是否能提高他们的理解。研究人群包括来自意大利、葡萄牙和芬兰的非专业受试者，共307人（156名男性，151名女性；年龄在18-86岁之间）。受试者首先完成一份关于智能手机应用程序中使用的五个觉醒性磨牙术语含义的五项问卷。每个问题提供四个答案选项，其中一个是正确的。之后，立即对术语的含义进行指导。最后，用相同的问卷对受试者进行重新测试。在芬兰和意大利，单个术语重新测试的正确答案得分每个术语为89%-97%。在性别、教育程度和年龄组中都观察到了理解的提高。在葡萄牙的数据中，没有发现提高。在指导后所有正确术语的提高分数在不同国家之间存在显著差异（芬兰，16.3%至72.1%；意大利，32.3%至83.8%；葡萄牙，23.1%至33.7%）（p<０.００１）。总之，建议在进行生态瞬时评估之前对觉醒性磨牙术语进行标准化指导，以提高所收集数据的可靠性。
