Ribeiro-Araújo Núbia Rafaela, da Silva Anna Cecília Farias, Marceliano Camila Rita Vicente, Gavião Maria Beatriz Duarte
Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Odontopediatria e Ortodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil.
Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Jun 22;22(7):982. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22070982.
Awake Bruxism (AB) is defined as masticatory muscle activity during wakefulness, characterized by repetitive or sustained tooth contact and/or the bracing or thrusting of the mandible. AB remains less understood than Sleep Bruxism (SB), and its identification remains a methodological challenge. The aim of this study was to introduce the Awake Bruxism Identification Tool (ABIT), developed for children and adolescents aged 8 to 12 years, to facilitate the identification of AB. The tool integrates data from self-reports, clinical examinations, and the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). It comprises questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale, an analog EMA component involving color-based responses, and a clinical inspection. The tool adopts the concept of an "AB Spectrum", as it generates individualized scores based on the combined outcomes of these multiple assessment components. The ABIT was piloted with ten families to evaluate its comprehensibility, applicability, and reliability. The results demonstrated that the participants found the questions understandable, that the tool had a minimal impact on daily family routines, and that it required approximately 5-10 min to complete. Additionally, the test-retest reliability indicated temporal stability. In terms of identification, four children were classified within the "AB identified by report and self-report," while three were identified through the "report, self-report, and EMA." Based on participant feedback, adjustments were made to the instrument, including the addition of an item addressing Sleep Bruxism. Although the ABIT is being applied for the first time in a research setting, it presents a promising, clinically relevant approach grounded in the self-perception of children and their caregivers.
觉醒性磨牙症（AB）被定义为清醒状态下的咀嚼肌活动，其特征为重复性或持续性的牙齿接触和/或下颌的紧咬或前推。与睡眠性磨牙症（SB）相比，AB的相关情况仍鲜为人知，其识别仍是一个方法学上的挑战。本研究的目的是引入为8至12岁儿童和青少年开发的觉醒性磨牙症识别工具（ABIT），以促进AB的识别。该工具整合了来自自我报告、临床检查和生态瞬时评估（EMA）的数据。它包括使用五点李克特量表的问卷、涉及基于颜色反应的模拟EMA组件以及临床检查。该工具采用了“AB谱”的概念，因为它根据这些多个评估组件的综合结果生成个性化分数。对10个家庭试用了ABIT，以评估其可理解性、适用性和可靠性。结果表明，参与者认为问题易于理解，该工具对日常家庭活动的影响最小，完成该工具大约需要5 - 10分钟。此外，重测信度表明了时间稳定性。在识别方面，4名儿童被归类为“通过报告和自我报告识别出的AB”，而3名儿童是通过“报告、自我报告和EMA”识别出来的。根据参与者的反馈，对该工具进行了调整，包括增加了一个关于睡眠性磨牙症的项目。尽管ABIT首次在研究环境中应用，但它提出了一种基于儿童及其照顾者自我认知的有前景的、与临床相关的方法。
