Karasova Daniela, Faldynova Marcela, Matiasovicova Jitka, Sebkova Alena, Crhanova Magdalena, Kubasova Tereza, Seidlerova Zuzana, Prikrylova Hana, Volf Jiri, Zeman Michal, Babak Vladimir, Juricova Helena, Rajova Jana, Vlasatikova Lenka, Rysavka Petr, Rychlik Ivan
Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Microorganisms. 2022 May 25;10(6):1085. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10061085.
The gut microbiota of warm-blooded vertebrates consists of bacterial species belonging to two main phyla; Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. However, does it mean that the same bacterial species are found in humans and chickens? Here we show that the ability to survive in an aerobic environment is central for host species adaptation. Known bacterial species commonly found in humans, pigs, chickens and Antarctic gentoo penguins are those capable of extended survival under aerobic conditions, i.e., either spore-forming, aerotolerant or facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Such bacteria are ubiquitously distributed in the environment, which acts as the source of infection with similar probability in humans, pigs, chickens, penguins and likely any other warm-blooded omnivorous hosts. On the other hand, gut anaerobes with no specific adaptation for survival in an aerobic environment exhibit host adaptation. This is associated with their vertical transmission from mothers to offspring and long-term colonisation after administration of a single dose. This knowledge influences the design of next-generation probiotics. The origin of aerotolerant or spore-forming probiotic strains may not be that important. On the other hand, if Bacteroidetes and other host-adapted species are used as future probiotics, host preference should be considered.
温血脊椎动物的肠道微生物群由属于两个主要门类的细菌物种组成，即厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门。然而，这是否意味着人类和鸡体内存在相同的细菌物种呢？在这里，我们表明在有氧环境中生存的能力是宿主物种适应的关键。在人类、猪、鸡和南极巴布亚企鹅中常见的已知细菌物种是那些能够在有氧条件下长期存活的细菌，即形成孢子的细菌、耐氧细菌或兼性厌氧细菌。这些细菌在环境中广泛分布，在人类、猪、鸡、企鹅以及可能的任何其他温血杂食性宿主中，作为感染源的可能性相似。另一方面，对在有氧环境中生存没有特定适应性的肠道厌氧菌表现出宿主适应性。这与它们从母亲到后代的垂直传播以及单次给药后的长期定殖有关。这一知识影响下一代益生菌的设计。耐氧或形成孢子的益生菌菌株的来源可能不那么重要。另一方面，如果将拟杆菌门和其他宿主适应性物种用作未来的益生菌，则应考虑宿主偏好。
