Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain.
Nutrients. 2022 Jun 16;14(12):2499. doi: 10.3390/nu14122499.
Obesity and overweight affect more than one-third of the world's population and pose a major public health problem.
To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on dietary habits and physical exercise in patients with overweight admitted to departments of internal medicine, comprising a pre-discharge educational session with follow-up and reinforcement by telephone at 3, 6, and, 12 months post-discharge. Outcome variables were weight, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), hospital readmissions, emergency department visits, and death.
A randomized experimental study with a control group was performed in hospitalized non-diabetic adults aged ≥18 years with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 Kg/m.
The final sample included 273 patients. At three months post-discharge, the intervention group had lower SBP and DPB and improved dietary habits (assessed using the Pardo Questionnaire) and VAS-assessed HRQOL in comparison to the control group but a worse EQ-5Q-5L-assessed HRQOL. There were no between-group differences in hospital readmissions, emergency department visits, or mortality at any time point. Both groups evidenced a progressive improvement over the three follow-up periods in weight, SBP, and dietary habits but a worsening of EQ-5D-5L-value-assessed HRQOL.
The intervention group showed greater improvements over the short term, but between-group differences disappeared at 6 and 12 months. Weight loss and improvements in key outcomes were observed in both groups over the follow-up period. Further research is warranted to determine whether a minimum intervention with an educational leaflet, follow-up phone calls, and questionnaires on overweight-related healthy habits, as in the present control group, may be an equally effective strategy without specific individual educational input.
肥胖和超重影响了全球超过三分之一的人口，是一个主要的公共卫生问题。
评估内科住院患者的超重患者进行教育干预对饮食和体育锻炼的影响，包括在出院前进行教育课程，随后在出院后 3、6 和 12 个月通过电话进行随访和强化。主要观察指标是体重、收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）、健康相关生活质量（HRQOL）、医院再入院、急诊就诊和死亡。
这是一项针对 18 岁以上 BMI≥25kg/m2的非糖尿病住院成年人的随机对照实验研究。
最终纳入 273 例患者。与对照组相比，干预组在出院后 3 个月时 SBP 和 DBP 较低，饮食习惯（采用 Pardo 问卷评估）和 VAS 评估的 HRQOL 得到改善，但 EQ-5Q-5L 评估的 HRQOL 较差。在任何时间点，两组在医院再入院、急诊就诊或死亡率方面均无差异。两组在体重、SBP 和饮食习惯方面在三个随访期间均逐渐改善，但 EQ-5D-5L 评估的 HRQOL 恶化。
干预组在短期内表现出更大的改善，但在 6 和 12 个月时两组间的差异消失。两组在随访期间均观察到体重减轻和关键结局的改善。需要进一步的研究来确定，对于超重相关健康习惯，是否最低限度的干预措施，如本研究对照组中的教育单页、随访电话和问卷，没有特定的个体教育投入，也可能是一种同样有效的策略。
