Taslem Mourosi Jarin, Awe Ayobami, Jain Swati, Batra Himanshu
Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
Department of Surgery (Head and Neck Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 May 24;10(6):834. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10060834.
Dengue virus and Zika virus are mosquito-borne, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that belong to the Flaviviridae family. Both the viruses are closely related and have similarities with other flaviviruses. Dengue virus (DENV) causes a severe febrile illness with fever, joint pain, and rash leading to a life-threatening condition in severe cases. While Zika virus (ZIKV) primarily causes mild fever, it can be passed from a pregnant mother to her fetus, resulting in severe birth defect microcephaly and even causing a rare autoimmune disease-Guillain-Barre syndrome. To date, there are no approved DENV and ZIKA vaccines available, except a Dengue vaccine (Dengvaxia, Sanofi Pasteur Inc., Lyon, France) recently approved to be used only for 9-16 years of age groups living in endemic areas and having a previous record of confirmed dengue infection. There are several potential vaccine candidates in the clinical trials based on multiple vaccine platforms, such as live attenuated, subunit, nucleic acid, and viral vector-based vaccines. In the current review, we have focused exclusively on the nucleic acid vaccine platform and discussed the progress of all the DNA/RNA vaccine candidates under preclinical and clinical studies for DENV and ZIKA viruses. Additionally, we have described a brief history of the emergence of these flaviviruses, major structural similarities between them, prominent vaccine targets, and the mechanism of virus entry and infection.
登革病毒和寨卡病毒均为蚊媒传播的单链正链RNA病毒，属于黄病毒科。这两种病毒关系密切，且与其他黄病毒存在相似之处。登革病毒（DENV）可引发严重的发热性疾病，伴有发热、关节疼痛和皮疹，严重时可导致危及生命的状况。而寨卡病毒（ZIKV）主要引起轻度发热，但它可从怀孕母亲传播给胎儿，导致严重的出生缺陷小头畸形，甚至引发一种罕见的自身免疫性疾病——吉兰-巴雷综合征。迄今为止，尚无获批的登革病毒和寨卡病毒疫苗，仅有一款登革疫苗（Dengvaxia，赛诺菲巴斯德公司，法国里昂）最近获批，但其仅适用于生活在流行地区且有确诊登革热感染既往史的9至16岁年龄组。基于多种疫苗平台，如减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗和病毒载体疫苗，有几种潜在的候选疫苗正处于临床试验阶段。在本综述中，我们专门聚焦于核酸疫苗平台，并讨论了所有针对登革病毒和寨卡病毒的处于临床前和临床研究阶段的DNA/RNA候选疫苗的进展。此外，我们还介绍了这些黄病毒的出现简史、它们之间主要的结构相似性、突出的疫苗靶点以及病毒进入和感染的机制。
