Kowalzik Frank, Schreiner Daniel, Jensen Christian, Teschner Daniel, Gehring Stephan, Zepp Fred
Pediatric Department, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Apr 15;9(4):390. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9040390.
Increases in the world's population and population density promote the spread of emerging pathogens. Vaccines are the most cost-effective means of preventing this spread. Traditional methods used to identify and produce new vaccines are not adequate, in most instances, to ensure global protection. New technologies are urgently needed to expedite large scale vaccine development. mRNA-based vaccines promise to meet this need. mRNA-based vaccines exhibit a number of potential advantages relative to conventional vaccines, namely they (1) involve neither infectious elements nor a risk of stable integration into the host cell genome; (2) generate humoral and cell-mediated immunity; (3) are well-tolerated by healthy individuals; and (4) are less expensive and produced more rapidly by processes that are readily standardized and scaled-up, improving responsiveness to large emerging outbreaks. Multiple mRNA vaccine platforms have demonstrated efficacy in preventing infectious diseases and treating several types of cancers in humans as well as animal models. This review describes the factors that contribute to maximizing the production of effective mRNA vaccine transcripts and delivery systems, and the clinical applications are discussed in detail.
世界人口及其密度的增加促进了新出现病原体的传播。疫苗是预防这种传播最具成本效益的手段。在大多数情况下，用于识别和生产新疫苗的传统方法不足以确保全球防护。迫切需要新技术来加速大规模疫苗开发。基于信使核糖核酸（mRNA）的疫苗有望满足这一需求。相对于传统疫苗，基于mRNA的疫苗具有一些潜在优势，即它们（1）既不涉及感染性元件，也不存在稳定整合到宿主细胞基因组中的风险；（2）产生体液免疫和细胞介导免疫；（3）健康个体耐受性良好；（4）成本较低，并且通过易于标准化和扩大规模的工艺生产速度更快，提高了对大规模新出现疫情的应对能力。多个mRNA疫苗平台已在预防人类和动物模型中的传染病以及治疗几种类型的癌症方面显示出疗效。本综述描述了有助于最大限度地生产有效mRNA疫苗转录本和递送系统的因素，并详细讨论了临床应用。
