Goh Fang Qin
House Officer (Postgraduate Year 1) Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608.
Br J Cardiol. 2021 Jun 2;28(3):30. doi: 10.5837/bjc.2021.030. eCollection 2021.
Exercise prevents and aids treatment of coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, obesity and depression, reduces cardiac events and improves survival. However, evidence suggests that the relationship between exercise and mortality may be curvilinear, with modest additional benefit at higher levels. Intensive exercise has also been associated with increased atrial fibrillation risk, although its clinical implications are not well understood. Other proposed adverse effects of exercise on the heart, including reduced right ventricular function, elevated cardiac biomarkers, myocardial fibrosis and coronary artery calcification, are less substantiated. Current evidence cannot affirm that extreme exercise is dangerous and future studies should combine large cohorts to obtain a statistically reliable limit. Associations between features of the athlete's heart and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality should also be explored.
运动可预防和辅助治疗冠心病、高血压、心力衰竭、糖尿病、肥胖症和抑郁症，减少心脏事件并提高生存率。然而，有证据表明运动与死亡率之间的关系可能呈曲线关系，在较高运动水平时额外获益不大。尽管其临床意义尚未完全明确，但高强度运动也与心房颤动风险增加有关。运动对心脏的其他潜在不良影响，包括右心室功能降低、心脏生物标志物升高、心肌纤维化和冠状动脉钙化，证据不足。目前的证据无法证实极限运动是危险的，未来的研究应结合大型队列以获得统计学上可靠的界限。还应探索运动员心脏特征与心血管发病率和死亡率之间的关联。
