Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Korea.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Korea.
J Nat Med. 2022 Sep;76(4):811-820. doi: 10.1007/s11418-022-01633-2. Epub 2022 Jun 24.
Mountain-grown ginseng has free radical scavenging activity and suppresses inflammation. We evaluated the anti-skin-aging effects of tissue-cultured mountain-grown ginseng (TG) and its major ginsenosides. The effect of three extracts of TG and ginsenosides Rg1 (1), Rf (2), Rb1 (3), Re (4), and Rd (5) on the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and collagen type I alpha 1 (COLIA1) was compared with that of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) stimulation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), as determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An analytical high-performance liquid chromatographic method with evaporative light-scattering detection (HPLC/ELSD) was developed for the simultaneous determination of the major ginsenosides in TG obtained via supercritical fluid CO or ethanol extraction. TG residues obtained via supercritical fluid CO extraction (TG1) and TG not subject to extraction (TG3) suppressed MMP-1 secretion in TNF-α-stimulated HDFs. Major ginsenoside content was higher in the TG1 than in residues extracted with ethanol (TG2) and TG3; ginsenoside Rg1 (1) content was the highest among all TG residues. Among them, ginsenosides Rg1 (1) and Re (4) suppressed MMP-1 in TNF-α-stimulated HDFs, whereas ginsenosides Rb1 (3) and Rd (5) increased COLIA1. In conclusion, TG and its active ginsenosides may have anti-skin-aging effects. Ginsenoside Rg1 (1) may also be beneficial in ameliorating skin damage. HPLC/ELSD can identify major ginsenosides and supercritical fluid CO extraction can be applied during health supplement or drug development.
山参具有自由基清除活性并能抑制炎症。我们评估了组织培养的山参（TG）及其主要人参皂苷的抗皮肤衰老作用。通过酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）比较了 TG 的三种提取物和人参皂苷 Rg1（1）、Rf（2）、Rb1（3）、Re（4）和 Rd（5）对基质金属蛋白酶-1（MMP-1）和胶原 I 型 α1（COLIA1）分泌的影响与肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）刺激人真皮成纤维细胞（HDF）的影响。建立了一种分析高效液相色谱法（HPLC/ELSD），用于同时测定超临界流体 CO 或乙醇提取的 TG 中的主要人参皂苷。通过超临界流体 CO 提取（TG1）获得的 TG 残留物和未提取的 TG（TG3）抑制了 TNF-α刺激的 HDF 中 MMP-1 的分泌。超临界流体 CO 提取的 TG1 中的主要人参皂苷含量高于乙醇提取的 TG2 和 TG3；所有 TG 残基中人参皂苷 Rg1（1）的含量最高。其中，人参皂苷 Rg1（1）和 Re（4）抑制了 TNF-α刺激的 HDF 中的 MMP-1，而人参皂苷 Rb1（3）和 Rd（5）增加了 COLIA1。综上所述，TG 及其活性人参皂苷可能具有抗皮肤衰老作用。人参皂苷 Rg1（1）也可能有益于改善皮肤损伤。HPLC/ELSD 可鉴定主要人参皂苷，超临界流体 CO 提取可用于保健品或药物开发。
