Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2022 Aug;309(1):25-39. doi: 10.1111/imr.13112. Epub 2022 Jun 25.
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of studying antiviral immunity within sites of infection to gain insights into mechanisms for immune protection and disease pathology. As SARS-CoV-2 is tropic to the respiratory tract, many studies of airway washes, lymph node aspirates, and postmortem lung tissue have revealed site-specific immune dynamics that are associated with the protection or immunopathology but are not readily observed in circulation. This review summarizes the growing body of work identifying immune processes in tissues and their interplay with immune responses in circulation during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe disease, and memory persistence. Establishment of tissue resident immunity also may have implications for vaccination and the durability of immune memory and protection.
SARS-CoV-2 大流行表明，在感染部位研究抗病毒免疫对于了解免疫保护和疾病发病机制非常重要。由于 SARS-CoV-2 对呼吸道具有嗜性，因此对气道冲洗液、淋巴结抽吸物和死后肺组织的许多研究揭示了与保护或免疫病理学相关的特定于部位的免疫动态，但在循环中不易观察到。这篇综述总结了越来越多的工作，这些工作确定了急性 SARS-CoV-2 感染、严重疾病和记忆持久性期间组织中免疫过程及其与循环中免疫反应的相互作用。组织驻留免疫的建立也可能对疫苗接种和免疫记忆和保护的持久性产生影响。
