Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt.
Toxicology & Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2022 Sep;73:127024. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127024. Epub 2022 Jun 21.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs) are widely utilized in medicine and industry; however, their safety in biological organisms is still unclear. In this study, we determined the bioactive constitutes of thyme essential oil (TEO) and utilized the nanoemulsion technique to improve its protective efficiency against oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and DNA damage of biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs).
TEO nanoemulsion (TEON) was prepared using whey protein isolate (WPI). Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups and treated orally for 21 days including the control group, TEO, or TEON- treated groups (5 mg/kg b.w), TiO-NPs-treated group (50 mg/kg b.w) and the groups received TiO-NPs plus TEO or TEON. Blood and tissues samples were collected for different assays.
The GC-MS analysis identified 17 bioactive compounds in TEO and thymol and carvacrol were the major compounds. TEON was irregular with average particles size of 230 ± 3.7 nm and ζ-potential of -24.17 mV. However, TiO2-NPs showed a polygonal shape with an average size of 50 ± 2.4 nm and ζ-potential of -30.44 mV. Animals that received TiO2-NPs showed severe disturbances in liver and kidney indices, lipid profile, oxidant/antioxidant indices, inflammatory cytokines, gene expressions, increased DNA damage, and pathological changes in hepatic tissue. Both TEO and TEON showed potential protection against these hazards and TEON was more effective than TEO.
The nanoemulsion of TEO enhances the oil bioactivity, improves its antioxidant characteristics, and protects against oxidative damage and genotoxicity of TiO2-NPs.
二氧化钛纳米粒子（TiO-NPs）广泛应用于医学和工业领域，但它们在生物体内的安全性仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们确定了百里香精油（TEO）的生物活性成分，并利用纳米乳液技术提高其对氧化应激、遗传毒性和生物合成二氧化钛纳米粒子（TiO-NPs）的 DNA 损伤的保护效率。
使用乳清蛋白分离物（WPI）制备 TEO 纳米乳液（TEON）。将 60 只雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠分为 6 组，经口给予 21 天，包括对照组、TEO 或 TEON 处理组（5mg/kg b.w）、TiO-NPs 处理组（50mg/kg b.w）和接受 TiO-NPs 加 TEO 或 TEON 的组。采集血液和组织样本进行不同的检测。
GC-MS 分析鉴定出 TEO 中的 17 种生物活性化合物，其中百里香酚和香芹酚是主要化合物。TEON 呈不规则形状，平均粒径为 230±3.7nm，ζ-电位为-24.17mV。然而，TiO2-NPs 呈多边形形状，平均粒径为 50±2.4nm，ζ-电位为-30.44mV。接受 TiO2-NPs 的动物表现出肝肾功能指标、脂质谱、氧化应激/抗氧化指标、炎症细胞因子、基因表达、DNA 损伤增加以及肝组织病理变化的严重紊乱。TEO 和 TEON 均显示出对这些危害的潜在保护作用，TEON 比 TEO 更有效。
TEO 的纳米乳液增强了油的生物活性，提高了其抗氧化特性，并能防止 TiO2-NPs 的氧化损伤和遗传毒性。
