Wu Yingji, Jin Xin, Ashrafzadeh Afshar Elham, Taher Mohammad Ali, Xia Changlei, Joo Sang-Woo, Mashifana Tebogo, Vasseghian Yasser
Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Young Research Societies, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Chemosphere. 2022 Oct;305:135392. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135392. Epub 2022 Jun 23.
It is essential to develop a simple, applicable, and reliable assay to anticancer drug raloxifene (RAF) because of its significant usage and side effect due to entering residue in the environment. Fluorescence sensors developed and widely used because of them high selectivity, fast-response, and highly-sensitivity. The gold nanoparticles using chitosan hydrogel was synthesized and applied as a fluorescence sensor to determine the trace amount of RAF. The characterization methods including DLS, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, and FT-IR were performed to confirm the synthesized structure. This sensor turned off the fluorescent signals proportional to RAF concentrations at 400 nm. The RAF can be detected in the linear range from 5 × 10 to 5 × 10 M. Limits of detection and quantification were obtained as 34 × 10 and 11 × 10 M as well as the relative standard deviation calculated as 1.63% in RAF measuring. The effective parameters on quenching efficiency were studied by central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM). The effective parameters in RAF determination, include analyte concentration, temperature, contact time, and pH, were obtained as 35 μM, 30 °C, 8 min, and pH = 8.5. The sensor was applied to determine the RAF concentrations in biological and environmental samples with satisfactory recoveries between 97.5% and 109%.
由于抗癌药物雷洛昔芬（RAF）的大量使用及其进入环境后产生的残留所带来的副作用，开发一种简单、适用且可靠的RAF检测方法至关重要。荧光传感器因其高选择性、快速响应和高灵敏度而被开发并广泛使用。合成了使用壳聚糖水凝胶的金纳米颗粒，并将其用作荧光传感器来测定痕量的RAF。采用动态光散射（DLS）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）、能谱分析（EDX）、X射线衍射（XRD）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）等表征方法来确认合成结构。该传感器在400nm处使荧光信号与RAF浓度成比例地猝灭。RAF可在5×10至5×10 M的线性范围内被检测到。检测限和定量限分别为34×10和11×10 M，在RAF测量中计算得到的相对标准偏差为1.63%。采用中心复合设计（CCD）和响应面方法（RSM）研究了对猝灭效率有影响的参数。在RAF测定中，对分析物浓度、温度、接触时间和pH等有影响的参数分别为35μM、30°C、8分钟和pH = 8.5。该传感器被应用于测定生物和环境样品中的RAF浓度，回收率在97.5%至109%之间，结果令人满意。
