Fatema Kaniz, Larson Zachary, Barrott Jared
Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Idaho State University, Pocatello, 83209, USA.
Biocell. 2022 Jun 13;46(10):2177-2193. doi: 10.32604/biocell.2022.020141.
Osteosarcoma is one of the most genomically complex cancers and as result, it has been difficult to assign genomic aberrations that contribute to disease progression and patient outcome consistently across samples. One potential source for correlating osteosarcoma and genomic biomarkers is within the non-coding regions of RNA that are differentially expressed. However, it is unsurprising that a cancer classification that is fraught with genomic instability is likely to have numerous studies correlating non-coding RNA expression and function have been published on the subject. This review undertakes the formidable task of evaluating the published literature of noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma. This is not the first review on this topic and will certainly not be the last. The review is organized with an introduction into osteosarcoma and the epigenetic control of gene expression before reviewing the molecular function and expression of long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, and short non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs, piwi RNAs, and short-interfering RNAs. The review concludes with a review of the literature and how the biology of non-coding RNAs can be used therapeutically to treat cancers, especially osteosarcoma. We conclude that non-coding RNA expression and function in osteosarcoma is equally complex to understanding the expression differences and function of coding RNA and proteins; however, with the added lens of both coding and non-coding genomic sequence, researchers can begin to identify the patterns that consistently associate with aggressive osteosarcoma.
骨肉瘤是基因组最复杂的癌症之一，因此，很难在不同样本中一致地确定导致疾病进展和患者预后的基因组畸变。骨肉瘤与基因组生物标志物相关的一个潜在来源在于差异表达的RNA非编码区域。然而，对于一个充满基因组不稳定性的癌症分类而言，有大量关于非编码RNA表达和功能相关性的研究发表也就不足为奇了。本综述承担了评估骨肉瘤中已发表的非编码RNA文献这一艰巨任务。这不是关于该主题的第一篇综述，当然也不会是最后一篇。该综述在回顾长链非编码RNA、环状RNA以及微小RNA、piwi RNA和短干扰RNA等短链非编码RNA的分子功能和表达之前，先对骨肉瘤以及基因表达的表观遗传调控进行了介绍。综述最后回顾了相关文献，以及非编码RNA的生物学特性如何用于癌症治疗，尤其是骨肉瘤的治疗。我们得出结论，骨肉瘤中非编码RNA的表达和功能与理解编码RNA和蛋白质的表达差异及功能同样复杂；然而，通过编码和非编码基因组序列这一额外视角，研究人员能够开始识别与侵袭性骨肉瘤始终相关的模式。
