Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Jun 10;12:883031. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.883031. eCollection 2022.
Australian wild deer populations have significantly expanded in size and distribution in recent decades. Due to their role in pathogen transmission, these deer populations pose a biosecurity risk to the livestock industry. However, little is known about the infection status of wild deer in Australia. The intestinal parasite has been previously detected in farm and wild ruminants worldwide, but its epidemiology and distribution in wild ruminants remain largely unexplored. To investigate this knowledge gap, faecal samples of wild deer and domestic cattle from south-eastern Australia were collected and analysed for the presence of spp. using PCR and phylogenetic analysis of the conserved 18S rRNA gene. parasites were detected at high prevalence in cattle and wild deer hosts, and two distinct ribosomal lineages (RLs), RL1 and RL8, were identified in wild deer. Phylogenetic analysis further revealed the existance of a novel species in sambar deer and a novel RL in fallow deer. While we anticipated cross-species transmission of between wild deer and cattle, the data generated in this study demonstrated transmission is yet to occur in Australia. Overall, this study has identified novel variants of and constitutes the first report of in fallow deer and sambar deer, expanding the host range of this parasite. Epidemiological investigations and continued surveillance of parasites in farm ruminants and wild animals will be required to evaluate pathogen emergence and transmission to livestock.
近几十年来，澳大利亚的野生鹿种群在数量和分布上有了显著的扩大。由于它们在病原体传播中的作用，这些鹿种群对畜牧业构成了生物安全风险。然而，人们对澳大利亚野生鹿的感染状况知之甚少。寄生虫在全球范围内的农场和野生反刍动物中都有被检测到，但它在野生反刍动物中的流行病学和分布仍在很大程度上未被探索。为了研究这一知识空白，从澳大利亚东南部的野生鹿和家养牛采集了粪便样本，并使用 PCR 和保守的 18S rRNA 基因的系统发育分析来检测 spp. 的存在。寄生虫在牛和野生鹿宿主中的检出率很高，在野生鹿中鉴定出了两种不同的核糖体谱系（RL），RL1 和 RL8。系统发育分析进一步揭示了在薮鹿中存在一种新型的 物种和在黇鹿中存在一种新型的 RL。虽然我们预期野生鹿和牛之间会发生 种间传播，但本研究的数据表明，这种传播尚未在澳大利亚发生。总的来说，本研究鉴定了 的新型变体，并首次报道了在黇鹿和薮鹿中存在 ，扩大了该寄生虫的宿主范围。需要对农场反刍动物和野生动物中的 寄生虫进行流行病学调查和持续监测，以评估病原体的出现和向家畜的传播。
