Li Xiaoping, Su Lan, Zhang Xinling, Chen Qi, Wang Ying, Shen Zhenwei, Zhong Tian, Wang Ling, Xiao Ying, Feng Xiao, Yu Xi
Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Jun 9;9:871346. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.871346. eCollection 2022.
Exosomes are nano-scale extracellular vesicles, which can be used as drug carriers, tumor treatment, intestinal development and immune regulator. That is why it has great potential in pharmacy, functional foods, nutritional supplements, especially those for infants, postoperative patients, chemotherapy patients and the elderly. In addition, abnormal exosome level is also related to diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, tumor, diabetes, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, as well as infectious diseases. Despite its high biological significance, pharmaceutical and nutritional value, the low abundancy of exosomes in milk is one of the bottlenecks restricting its in-depth research and real-life application. At present, there is no unified standard for the extraction of breast milk exosomes. Therefore, choosing the proper extraction method is very critical for its subsequent research and development. Based on this, this paper reviewed the purification techniques, the function and the possible applications of milk exosomes based on 47 latest references. Humble advices on future directions, prospects on new ideas and methods which are useful for the study of exosomes are proposed at the end of the paper as well.
外泌体是纳米级的细胞外囊泡，可作为药物载体、用于肿瘤治疗、肠道发育和免疫调节。这就是为什么它在制药、功能性食品、营养补充剂，尤其是针对婴儿、术后患者、化疗患者和老年人的产品中具有巨大潜力。此外，外泌体水平异常还与心血管疾病、肿瘤、糖尿病、神经退行性疾病和自身免疫性疾病以及传染病等疾病有关。尽管外泌体具有很高的生物学意义、药学和营养价值，但牛奶中外泌体的低丰度是限制其深入研究和实际应用的瓶颈之一。目前，母乳外泌体的提取尚无统一标准。因此，选择合适的提取方法对其后续研发至关重要。基于此，本文基于47篇最新参考文献，对外泌体的纯化技术、功能及在牛奶中的可能应用进行了综述。文末还就外泌体研究的未来方向提出了拙见，并展望了有助于外泌体研究的新思路和新方法。
