Department of Psychology.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2022 Aug;48(8):790-811. doi: 10.1037/xhp0001026. Epub 2022 Jun 27.
Cognitive effort is a central construct in our lives, yet our understanding of the processes underlying our judgments of effort are limited. Recent work has suggested that our judgments of effort are sensitive to the context in which they are made (i.e., the judgment context). Using a cognitive task and stimulus set that has produced a reliable dissociation between judgments of effort and cognitive demand (as measured by performance and other indirect measures of demand), we examined whether evaluation context might be able to eliminate this dissociation (i.e., bring judgments of effort more in line with measures of cognitive demand). To address this question, we conducted four experiments manipulating a number of aspects of the judgment context including, principally, a manipulation of joint versus separate evaluation; whether the judgment was prospective, or retrospective; and whether prospective judgments were made with or without having experienced the cognitive task. Additionally, we collected objective demand measures and examined participants' self-reported reasons for their judgments of effort across the joint and separate evaluation contexts. Results demonstrated that evaluation context has a marked effect on judgments of effort; however, no judgment context appeared to yield a pattern more similar to what is found using measures of cognitive demand. Moreover, the reasons individuals cited for their judgments varied across evaluation contexts. Implications of the present work for our understanding of judgments of effort are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
认知努力是我们生活中的一个核心概念，但我们对影响努力判断的过程的理解是有限的。最近的研究表明，我们对努力的判断对做出判断的环境（即判断环境）很敏感。使用一种认知任务和刺激集，该任务和刺激集已经产生了努力判断和认知需求之间的可靠分离（即，通过表现和其他需求的间接测量来衡量），我们研究了评估环境是否能够消除这种分离（即，使努力判断更符合认知需求的衡量标准）。为了解决这个问题，我们进行了四项实验，主要通过联合评估与单独评估、前瞻性或回溯性判断以及是否在经历认知任务之前或之后进行前瞻性判断等方面来操纵判断环境的许多方面。此外，我们收集了客观的需求测量值，并在联合和单独评估环境中检查了参与者对努力判断的自我报告原因。结果表明，评估环境对努力判断有显著影响；然而，没有任何判断环境似乎产生的模式更类似于使用认知需求衡量标准所发现的模式。此外，个人对其判断的理由因评估环境而异。本文工作对我们理解努力判断的意义进行了讨论。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
