Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2022 Nov 28;226(11):1897-1902. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac263.
The consequences of past coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection for personal and population health are emerging, but accurately identifying distant infection is a challenge. Anti-spike antibodies rise after both vaccination and infection and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies rapidly decline.
We evaluated anti-membrane antibodies in COVID-19 naive, vaccinated, and convalescent subjects to determine if they persist and accurately detect distant infection.
We found that anti-membrane antibodies persist for at least 1 year and are a sensitive and specific marker of past COVID-19 infection.
Thus, anti-membrane and anti-spike antibodies together can differentiate between COVID-19 convalescent, vaccinated, and naive states to advance public health and research.
过去的 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）感染对个人和人群健康的后果正在显现，但准确识别远期感染是一项挑战。接种疫苗和感染后都会产生针对刺突蛋白的抗体，而核衣壳蛋白的抗体则迅速下降。
我们评估了 COVID-19 初治、接种疫苗和康复受试者的抗膜抗体，以确定它们是否持续存在并准确检测远期感染。
我们发现抗膜抗体至少持续 1 年，是过去 COVID-19 感染的敏感和特异性标志物。
因此，抗膜和抗刺突抗体一起可以区分 COVID-19 康复、接种疫苗和初治状态，以推进公共卫生和研究。
