听力损失与 COVID-19 大流行。
Hearing loss and the COVID-19 pandemic.
机构信息
Department of Clinical Trials and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
Department of Clinical Trials and Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
出版信息
BMC Res Notes. 2022 Jun 27;15(1):228. doi: 10.1186/s13104-022-06120-1.
OBJECTIVE
Hearing loss is an important public health problem. Its causes vary, including infections, noise, and aging. The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic occurred in April 2020 in Japan. During the pandemic, people were urged to stay at home and drastically changed their lifestyles. This study aimed to examine hearing loss before and during the pandemic. The prevalence during the pandemic after April 2020 was compared for the period in 2019. Study subjects were those who received health checkups in both periods. Hearing loss was defined as a hearing threshold of > 30 dB at 1 kHz and > 40 dB at 4 kHz in either ear using pure-tone audiometry.
RESULTS
A total of 2367 persons presented in both 2019 and 2020. The overall rates of hearing loss were 9.5% and 13.2% before and after the pandemic, respectively. After controlling for age, sex, current smoking, regular exercise and alcohol consumption, the rate of hearing loss showed a significant increase in 2020 (p = < 0.0001). With age stratification, an increase was observed in the participants aged < 40 years (1.3% vs. 3.1%, p < 0.001) and 40-59 years (7.2% vs. 12.6%, p < 0.001). Further studies are needed to confirm the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hearing loss.
目的
听力损失是一个重要的公共卫生问题。其病因包括感染、噪声和衰老。2020 年 4 月，COVID-19 疫情在日本爆发。在疫情期间，人们被敦促待在家里，生活方式发生了巨大变化。本研究旨在调查疫情前后的听力损失情况。比较了 2020 年 4 月以后疫情期间的患病率与 2019 年同期的患病率。研究对象为在两个时期都接受过健康检查的人。听力损失定义为纯音测听时，任一耳 1kHz 时听力阈值>30dB，4kHz 时听力阈值>40dB。
结果
共有 2367 人在 2019 年和 2020 年均有就诊。疫情前和疫情后听力损失的总发生率分别为 9.5%和 13.2%。在控制年龄、性别、当前吸烟、有规律的运动和饮酒等因素后，2020 年听力损失的发生率显著增加（p<0.0001）。按年龄分层，<40 岁（1.3%比 3.1%，p<0.001）和 40-59 岁（7.2%比 12.6%，p<0.001）人群的发生率增加。需要进一步的研究来证实 COVID-19 大流行对听力损失的影响。
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