Department of Pharmacy, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Curr Pharm Des. 2022;28(19):1523-1542. doi: 10.2174/1381612828666220628123224.
Obesity-associated diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic affliction accounting for 90% of all diabetic patients, has been affecting humanity extremely badly and escalating the risk of developing other serious disorders. It is observed that 0.4 billion people globally have diabetes, whose major cause is obesity. Currently, innumerable synthetic drugs like alogliptin and rosiglitazone are being used to get through diabetes, but they have certain complications, restrictions with severe side effects, and toxicity issues. Recently, the frequency of plant-derived phytochemicals as advantageous substitutes against diabesity is increasing progressively due to their unparalleled benefit of producing less side effects and toxicity. Of these phytochemicals, dietary polyphenols have been accepted as potent agents against the dual sword "diabesity". These polyphenols target certain genes and molecular pathways through dual mechanisms such as adiponectin upregulation, cannabinoid receptor antagonism, free fatty acid oxidation, ghrelin antagonism, glucocorticoid inhibition, sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibition, oxidative stress and inflammation inhibition etc. which sequentially help to combat both diabetes and obesity. In this review, we have summarized the most beneficial natural polyphenols along with their complex molecular pathways during diabesity.
肥胖相关性糖尿病是一种慢性代谢疾病，占所有糖尿病患者的 90%，它严重影响了人类健康，并增加了发展其他严重疾病的风险。据观察，全球有 4 亿人患有糖尿病，其主要病因是肥胖。目前，有无数的合成药物，如阿格列汀和罗格列酮，被用于治疗糖尿病，但它们存在一定的并发症、严重副作用的限制以及毒性问题。最近，由于植物来源的植物化学物质作为对抗糖尿病的有利替代品，其产生较少副作用和毒性的独特优势，其应用频率正在逐步增加。在这些植物化学物质中，膳食多酚已被认为是对抗“糖尿病肥胖”这双重利剑的有效药物。这些多酚通过两种机制作用于某些基因和分子途径，如脂联素的上调、大麻素受体拮抗作用、游离脂肪酸氧化、胃饥饿素拮抗作用、糖皮质激素抑制、钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白抑制、氧化应激和炎症抑制等，从而依次有助于对抗糖尿病和肥胖。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最有益的天然多酚及其在糖尿病肥胖中的复杂分子途径。
