NCGM-Bach Mai Hospital Medical Collaboration Center, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
BMC Public Health. 2019 Nov 8;19(1):1478. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7823-9.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) has increased rapidly in Vietnam. This study aimed to elucidate the factors influencing OW/OB among secondary schoolchildren.
A survey was conducted in January 2014 in four randomly selected state schools in two Hanoi urban districts, and 821 students in grade six (11-12 years old) participated. Definitions of OW/OB followed the World Health Organization standard cut-offs.
Overall, 4.1% of children were underweight, 59.7% were normal weight, 17.1% were overweight, and 19.1% were obese. The odds of OW/OB were lowest among children whose parents had college/university degrees [father (aOR =0.65, 95% CI: 0.42-1.00); mother (aOR =0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.97)] compared with those whose parents had only a primary education. Children with an OW/OB family history had an increased risk of OW/OB. Other associated factors include parental OW/OB and birth weight (BW). The odds of OW/OB were highest among children with parents with OW/OB [father (aOR =2.022, 95% CI: 1.34-3.04); mother (aOR =2.83, 95% CI: 1.51-5.30)] compared with those with normal-weight parents. Children with both parents having OW/OB [both parents (aOR =6.59, 95% CI: 1.28-33.87) had the highest risk, followed by one parent (aOR =2.22, 95% CI: 1.50-3.27)] and then neither parent having OW/OB. Moreover, high-birth-weight children [BW ≥ 3500 g (aOR =1.52, 95% CI: 1.07-2.15)] had greater odds than did normal-birth-weight children. Children who slept 11 h per day [8-11 h (aOR =0.57, 95% CI: 0.40-0.81) or more (aOR =0.44, 95% CI: 0.22-0.87)] had lower OW/OB odds than those who slept 8 h or less. Children with specific positive lifestyle behaviours had lower risk of OW/OB than those who did not engage in positive lifestyle behaviours. The odds were lower among children who exercised for weight reduction (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.11-0.23), lowered food intake (aOR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.09-0.17), and added vegetables to their diet (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.19-0.35).
The results suggest that parents and children with OW/OB parents or a high BW should be educated to prevent OW/OB at an early stage. Positive lifestyle behaviours should be adopted by the students.
越南超重和肥胖（OW/OB）的患病率迅速上升。本研究旨在阐明中学生 OW/OB 的影响因素。
2014 年 1 月，在河内两个城区的四所随机选定的国立学校进行了一项调查，共有 821 名六年级学生（11-12 岁）参加。OW/OB 的定义遵循世界卫生组织的标准切点。
总体而言，4.1%的儿童体重不足，59.7%的儿童体重正常，17.1%的儿童超重，19.1%的儿童肥胖。与父母只有小学教育程度的儿童相比，父母有大学/大学学历的儿童 OW/OB 的可能性最低[父亲（OR=0.65，95%CI：0.42-1.00）；母亲（OR=0.63，95%CI：0.41-0.97）]。有 OW/OB 家族史的儿童 OW/OB 的风险增加。其他相关因素包括父母 OW/OB 和出生体重（BW）。与体重正常的父母相比，父母 OW/OB 的儿童 OW/OB 的可能性最高[父亲（OR=2.022，95%CI：1.34-3.04）；母亲（OR=2.83，95%CI：1.51-5.30）]。父母双方均有 OW/OB 的儿童[父母双方（OR=6.59，95%CI：1.28-33.87）风险最高，其次是一方父母（OR=2.22，95%CI：1.50-3.27）]和无 OW/OB 的父母的儿童风险更高。此外，高出生体重的儿童[BW≥3500g（OR=1.52，95%CI：1.07-2.15）]比出生体重正常的儿童更有可能出现 OW/OB。每天睡眠 11 小时的儿童[8-11 小时（OR=0.57，95%CI：0.40-0.81）或更长时间（OR=0.44，95%CI：0.22-0.87）]比睡眠 8 小时或更少的儿童出现 OW/OB 的可能性较低。有特定积极生活方式行为的儿童比没有进行积极生活方式行为的儿童 OW/OB 的风险较低。通过减肥锻炼（OR=0.16，95%CI：0.11-0.23）、减少食物摄入（OR=0.12，95%CI：0.09-0.17）和增加蔬菜摄入（OR=0.26，95%CI：0.19-0.35）的儿童几率较低。
研究结果表明，应教育超重和肥胖父母或 BW 较高的父母和儿童及早预防 OW/OB。学生应采取积极的生活方式行为。
