Medical Area Spezia Calcio, Spezia Calcio, La Spezia, Italy.
Med Princ Pract. 2022;31(4):352-358. doi: 10.1159/000525728. Epub 2022 Jun 28.
Under conditions of intense exercise, the production of free radicals and cortisol increases, whereas blood levels of testosterone and vitamin D decrease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the behavior of these parameters, ethnic differences, and their relationships with overtraining.
Fifty professional soccer players were studied. Oxidative stress, testosterone, cortisol, and vitamin D were collected in pre- and mid-competitive season, and their differences in Africans and Caucasians were evaluated.
An increase in oxidative stress was observed in mid-season in both groups, but this was more significant in Africans (386 ± 162.6 vs. 277.8 ± 106.9 UCarr, p = 0.005; 2,965.4 ± 815.8 vs. 2,560.6 ± 608.1 BAP, p = 0.035). Levels of testosterone and vitamin D were higher in August compared to February in all participants; in both months, testosterone levels were higher in Africans (11.5 ± 2.4 vs. 9.1 ± 2.6, p = 0.004; 10.3 ± 1.6 vs. 7.7 ± 2.3, p = 0.000), whereas vitamin D levels were higher in Caucasians (39.4 ± 11.1 vs. 33.4 ± 9.7, p = 0.048; 31.8 ± 9.7 vs. 27.4 ± 9.4, in August and February, respectively). Insufficient/deficient levels of vitamin D were more frequently observed in Africans, but the difference was close to significance only in August.
Although lower levels of vitamin D and higher levels of cortisol and oxidative stress in mid-season in Africans could have a negative influence on performance, no symptoms of overtraining were observed, probably due to higher levels of testosterone which enable homeostatic balance.
在剧烈运动的情况下，自由基和皮质醇的产生增加，而血液中的睾丸激素和维生素 D 水平下降。本研究的目的是评估这些参数的变化、种族差异及其与过度训练的关系。
对 50 名职业足球运动员进行了研究。在比赛前和比赛中期采集了氧化应激、睾丸激素、皮质醇和维生素 D，并评估了非洲人和白种人之间的差异。
两组人群在比赛中期都观察到氧化应激的增加，但非洲人更为明显（386±162.6 与 277.8±106.9 UCarr，p=0.005；2,965.4±815.8 与 2,560.6±608.1 BAP，p=0.035）。所有参与者在 8 月的睾丸激素和维生素 D 水平均高于 2 月；在这两个月中，非洲人的睾丸激素水平更高（11.5±2.4 与 9.1±2.6，p=0.004；10.3±1.6 与 7.7±2.3，p=0.000），而维生素 D 水平在白种人中更高（39.4±11.1 与 33.4±9.7，p=0.048；31.8±9.7 与 27.4±9.4，分别在 8 月和 2 月）。非洲人维生素 D 不足/缺乏的情况更为常见，但仅在 8 月，这种差异接近显著。
尽管非洲人在比赛中期维生素 D 水平较低、皮质醇和氧化应激水平较高可能对表现产生负面影响，但没有观察到过度训练的症状，这可能是由于较高的睾丸激素水平使体内平衡得以维持。
