Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Biotechnol Bioeng. 2022 Oct;119(10):2669-2688. doi: 10.1002/bit.28166. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
In the current pandemic, scenario the world is facing a huge shortage of effective drugs and other prophylactic medicine to treat patients which created havoc in several countries with poor resources. With limited demand and supply of effective drugs, researchers rushed to repurpose the existing approved drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. The process of drug screening and testing is very costly and requires several steps for validation and treatment efficacy evaluation ranging from in-vitro to in-vivo setups. After these steps, a clinical trial is mandatory for the evaluation of treatment efficacy and side effects in humans. These processes enhance the overall cost and sometimes the lead molecule show adverse effects in humans and the trial ends up in the final stages. Recently with the advent of three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture which mimics the human tissue exactly the process of drug screening and testing can be done in a faster and cost-effective manner. Further 3D organoids prepared from stems cells taken from individuals can be beneficial for personalized drug therapy which could save millions of lives. This review discussed approaches and techniques for the synthesis of 3D-printed human organoids for drug screening. The key findings of the usage of organoids for personalized medicine for the treatment of COVID-19 have been discussed. In the end, the key challenges for the wide applicability of human organoids for drug screening with prospects of future orientation have been included.
在当前的大流行情况下，世界面临着治疗患者的有效药物和其他预防药物的严重短缺，这给资源匮乏的几个国家带来了严重破坏。由于有效药物的需求和供应有限，研究人员急于重新利用现有的已批准药物来治疗 COVID-19。药物筛选和测试的过程非常昂贵，需要经过几个步骤的验证和治疗效果评估，从体外到体内设置。在这些步骤之后，必须进行临床试验以评估治疗效果和人类的副作用。这些过程增加了整体成本，有时先导分子在人类中显示出不良反应，试验最终在最后阶段结束。最近，随着三维（3D）类器官培养的出现，这种培养方法完全模拟了人类组织，药物筛选和测试可以以更快和更具成本效益的方式进行。进一步地，从个体中提取的干细胞制备的 3D 类器官可以用于个性化药物治疗，这可能会挽救数百万人的生命。这篇综述讨论了用于药物筛选的 3D 打印人类类器官的合成方法和技术。讨论了使用类器官进行 COVID-19 个性化治疗的个性化药物的关键发现。最后，包括了广泛应用于药物筛选的人类类器官的关键挑战和未来展望。
