Yang Shengtao, Zhang Peng, Sevilla-Sanchez Marta, Zhou Dong, Cao Jie, He Jiajian, Gao Binghong, Carballeira Eduardo
School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Professional Sports Research Center, Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science, Shanghai, China.
Front Physiol. 2022 Jun 13;13:852693. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.852693. eCollection 2022.
To investigate the effects of implementing low-load blood flow restriction exercises (LL-BFRE) instead of high-load exercises (HL-RE) in a contrast training program on strength and power performance of high-level young gymnasts. Fifteen high-level pre-pubescent trampoline gymnasts (national level, Tanner Stage II, intermediate experience in strength training) were divided into two groups to complete the same structure of a ten-week contrast strength training program differing only in the configuration of the first resistance exercise of the contrast sequence. The LL-BFRE group ( = 7, four girls, 13.9 ± 0.4 y) performed the first resistance exercise of the contrast with LL-BFRE (20%-30% 1RM, perceived pressure of 7 on a scale from 0 to 10). The HL-RE group ( = 8, four girls, 13.8 ± 0.5 y) trained the first resistance exercise of the contrast sequence with moderate-to-high load (60%-85% 1RM). Before and after the training period, isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ), and drop-jump (DJ) were performed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on strength and power capacities as primary outcomes. Changes in participants' anthropometric measures, muscle mass, left and right thigh girth, IMTP relative to bodyweight (IMTP-R), eccentric utilization ratio (EUR), and reactive strength index (RSI) were assessed as secondary outcomes. There was no significant interaction ( > 0.05) between group x time in any power and strength outcome, although SJ and EUR showed a trend to significant interaction ( = 0.06 and = 0.065, respectively). There was an overall effect of time ( < 0.05) in all power and strength variables (CMJ, SJ, EUR, DJ, RSI, IMTP, and IMTP-R). There was a significant interaction in muscle mass (MM) [β = 0.57 kg, 95% CI = (0.15; 0.98), t = 2.67, = 0.019], revealing that participants in LL-BFRE increased their muscle mass (6.6 ± 3.1%) compared to HL-RE (3.6 ± 2.0%). Anthropometric variables did not present any group or interaction effect. However, there was a time effect ( < 0.05). Implementing LL-BFRE in place of HL-RE as a conditioning activity in a contrast training sequence might be equally effective in improving lower-body strength and power in preadolescent trampoline gymnasts.
为研究在对比训练计划中采用低负荷血流限制训练（LL - BFRE）而非高负荷训练（HL - RE）对高水平年轻体操运动员力量和功率表现的影响。15名青春期前的高水平蹦床体操运动员（国家级，坦纳二期，有中等力量训练经验）被分为两组，完成相同结构的为期十周的对比力量训练计划，两组仅在对比序列的第一次抗阻训练的设置上有所不同。LL - BFRE组（n = 7，4名女孩，13.9±0.4岁）在对比训练的第一次抗阻训练中采用LL - BFRE（20% - 30% 1RM，0至10级量表上感知压力为7）。HL - RE组（n = 8，4名女孩，13.8±0.5岁）在对比序列的第一次抗阻训练中采用中等到高负荷（60% - 85% 1RM）。在训练期前后，进行等长中大腿拉（IMTP）、深蹲跳（SJ）、反向移动跳（CMJ）和跳深（DJ）以评估干预对力量和功率能力的影响作为主要结果。评估参与者人体测量指标、肌肉质量、左右大腿围度、相对于体重的IMTP（IMTP - R）、离心利用率（EUR）和反应力量指数（RSI）的变化作为次要结果。在任何功率和力量结果中，组×时间之间均无显著交互作用（P>0.05），尽管SJ和EUR显示出显著交互作用的趋势（分别为P = 0.06和P = 0.065）。在所有功率和力量变量（CMJ、SJ、EUR、DJ、RSI、IMTP和IMTP - R）中均存在时间的总体效应（P<0.05）。在肌肉质量（MM）方面存在显著交互作用[β = 0.57kg，95%CI =（0.15；0.98），t = 2.67，P = 0.019]，表明与HL - RE组（3.6±2.0%）相比，LL - BFRE组的参与者肌肉质量增加（6.6±3.1%）。人体测量变量未呈现任何组间或交互作用效应。然而，存在时间效应（P<0.05）。在对比训练序列中采用LL - BFRE代替HL - RE作为调节活动，在提高青春期前蹦床体操运动员的下肢力量和功率方面可能同样有效。
