Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2022 Nov;86(Pt 2):214-232. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.009. Epub 2022 Jun 27.
Cancer immunotherapy is the new generation and widely accepted form of tumour treatment. It is, however, associated with exclusive challenges which include organ-specific inflammation, and single-target strategies. Therefore, approaches that can enhance the efficiency of existing immunotherapies and expand their indications are required for the further development of immunotherapy. Natural products and medicines are stated to have this desired effect on cancer immunotherapy (adoptive immune-cells therapy, cancer vaccines, and immune-check point inhibitors). They refurbish the immunosuppressed tumour microenvironment, which is the primary location of interaction of tumour cells with the host immune system. Various immune cell subsets, via interaction with cytokine/chemokine receptors, are recruited into this microenvironment, and these subsets have roles in tumour progression and treatment responsiveness. This review summarises cytokine/chemokine signalling, types of cancer immunotherapy and the herbal medicine-derived natural products targeting cytokine/chemokines and immune checkpoints. These natural compounds possess immunomodulatory activities and exert their anti-tumour effect by either blocking the interaction or modulating the expression of the proteins linked with immune checkpoint signaling pathways. Some compounds also show a synergistic effect in combination with existing monoclonal antibody drugs to reverse the tumour microenvironment. Additionally, we have also reported some studies about the derivatives and formulations used to overcome the limitations of natural forms. This review can provide important insights for directing future research.
癌症免疫疗法是新一代被广泛接受的肿瘤治疗方法。然而，它也存在一些独特的挑战，包括器官特异性炎症和单靶点策略。因此，需要寻找能够提高现有免疫疗法效率并扩大其适应证的方法，以进一步发展免疫疗法。天然产物和药物被认为对癌症免疫疗法（过继免疫细胞疗法、癌症疫苗和免疫检查点抑制剂）具有这种理想的作用。它们修复了免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境，这是肿瘤细胞与宿主免疫系统相互作用的主要场所。各种免疫细胞亚群通过与细胞因子/趋化因子受体相互作用被招募到这个微环境中，这些亚群在肿瘤进展和治疗反应性中发挥作用。本综述总结了细胞因子/趋化因子信号、癌症免疫疗法的类型以及靶向细胞因子/趋化因子和免疫检查点的草药衍生天然产物。这些天然化合物具有免疫调节活性，通过阻断与免疫检查点信号通路相关的蛋白相互作用或调节其表达来发挥抗肿瘤作用。一些化合物还与现有的单克隆抗体药物联合使用显示出协同作用，以逆转肿瘤微环境。此外，我们还报告了一些关于天然形式的衍生物和制剂的研究，以克服天然形式的局限性。本综述可以为未来的研究提供重要的指导。
