Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE Institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, 2333, ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE Institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, 2333, ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Trends Cell Biol. 2023 Jan;33(1):18-29. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.06.002. Epub 2022 Jun 28.
The nuclear envelope (NE) is central to the architecture of eukaryotic cells, both as a physical barrier separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm and as gatekeeper of selective transport between them. However, in open mitosis, the NE fragments to allow for spindle formation and segregation of chromosomes, resulting in intermixing of nuclear and cytoplasmic soluble fractions. Recent studies have shed new light on the mechanisms driving reinstatement of soluble proteome homeostasis following NE reformation in daughter cells. Here, we provide an overview of how mitotic cells confront this challenge to ensure continuity of basic cellular functions across generations and elaborate on the implications for the proteasome - a macromolecular machine that functions in both cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments.
核膜（NE）是真核细胞结构的核心，既是将细胞核与细胞质分隔开的物理屏障，也是它们之间选择性运输的守门人。然而，在开放有丝分裂中，核膜会碎裂，以允许纺锤体的形成和染色体的分离，从而导致核和细胞质可溶性部分的混合。最近的研究揭示了在有丝分裂细胞中，核膜重新形成后，驱动可溶性蛋白质组稳态恢复的机制。在这里，我们概述了有丝分裂细胞如何应对这一挑战，以确保基本细胞功能在代际间的连续性，并详细阐述了蛋白酶体的意义——蛋白酶体是一种在细胞质和核区室中都起作用的大分子机器。
