Wu Mengyuan, Hu Tingting, Zhu Ping, Nasser Moussa Ide, Shen Jie, Sun Fang, He Qingnan, Zhao Mingyi
Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
Genes Dis. 2021 Jan 30;9(3):585-597. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.01.003. eCollection 2022 May.
Kidney disease has become a global public health problem affecting over 750 million people worldwide and imposing a heavy economic burden on patients. The complex architecture of the human kidney makes it very difficult to study the pathophysiology of renal diseases and to develop effective therapeutic options for patients. Even though cell lines and animal models have enriched our understanding, they fail to recapitulate key aspects of human kidney development and renal disease at cellular and functional levels. Organoids can be derived from either pluripotent stem cells or adult stem cells by strictly regulating key signalling pathways. Today, these self-differentiated organoids represent a promising technology to further understand the human kidney, one of the most complex organs, in an unprecedented way. The newly established protocols improved by organ-on-chip and coculture with immune cells will push kidney organoids towards the next generation. Herein, we focus on recent achievements in the application of kidney organoids in disease modelling, nephrotoxic testing, precision medicine, biobanking, and regenerative therapy, followed by discussions of novel strategies to improve their utility for biomedical research. The applications we discuss may help to provide new ideas in clinical fields.
肾脏疾病已成为一个全球性的公共卫生问题，影响着全球超过7.5亿人，并给患者带来沉重的经济负担。人类肾脏的复杂结构使得研究肾脏疾病的病理生理学以及为患者开发有效的治疗方案变得非常困难。尽管细胞系和动物模型丰富了我们的认识，但它们无法在细胞和功能水平上重现人类肾脏发育和肾脏疾病的关键方面。通过严格调控关键信号通路，类器官可以从多能干细胞或成体干细胞中获得。如今，这些自我分化的类器官代表了一种有前途的技术，以前所未有的方式进一步了解人类最复杂的器官之一——肾脏。通过芯片器官和与免疫细胞共培养改进的新建立方案将推动肾脏类器官迈向新一代。在此，我们重点关注肾脏类器官在疾病建模、肾毒性测试、精准医学、生物样本库和再生治疗中的应用的最新成果，随后讨论提高其在生物医学研究中效用的新策略。我们讨论的这些应用可能有助于在临床领域提供新的思路。
