Park Jae Hee, Jo Seung Bin, Lee Jung-Hwan, Lee Hae-Hyoung, Knowles Jonathan C, Kim Hae-Won
Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
Bioact Mater. 2022 Jun 16;20:381-403. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.06.003. eCollection 2023 Feb.
Rigidity (or stiffness) of materials and extracellular matrix has proven to be one of the most significant extracellular physicochemical cues that can control diverse cell behaviors, such as contractility, motility, and spreading, and the resultant pathophysiological phenomena. Many 2D materials engineered with tunable rigidity have enabled researchers to elucidate the roles of matrix biophysical cues in diverse cellular events, including migration, lineage specification, and mechanical memory. Moreover, the recent findings accumulated under 3D environments with viscoelastic and remodeling properties pointed to the importance of dynamically changing rigidity in cell fate control, tissue repair, and disease progression. Thus, here we aim to highlight the works related with material/matrix-rigidity-mediated cell and tissue behaviors, with a brief outlook into the studies on the effects of material/matrix rigidity on cell behaviors in 2D systems, further discussion of the events and considerations in tissue-mimicking 3D conditions, and then examination of the findings that concern material/matrix rigidity. The current discussion will help understand the material/matrix-rigidity-mediated biological phenomena and further leverage the concepts to find therapeutic targets and to design implantable materials for the treatment of damaged and diseased tissues.
材料和细胞外基质的硬度（或刚性）已被证明是最重要的细胞外物理化学信号之一，它能够控制多种细胞行为，如收缩性、运动性和铺展，以及由此产生的病理生理现象。许多具有可调硬度的二维材料使研究人员能够阐明基质生物物理信号在各种细胞事件中的作用，包括迁移、谱系特化和机械记忆。此外，最近在具有粘弹性和重塑特性的三维环境中积累的研究结果表明，动态变化的硬度在细胞命运控制、组织修复和疾病进展中具有重要意义。因此，我们旨在突出与材料/基质硬度介导的细胞和组织行为相关的研究工作，简要展望二维系统中材料/基质硬度对细胞行为影响的研究，进一步讨论组织模拟三维条件下的相关事件和注意事项，然后审视与材料/基质硬度相关的研究结果。当前的讨论将有助于理解材料/基质硬度介导的生物学现象，并进一步利用这些概念寻找治疗靶点，设计用于治疗受损和患病组织的可植入材料。
