Ahmad Anas
Department of Pharmacology, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali, India.
Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Front Toxicol. 2022 Jun 15;4:895667. doi: 10.3389/ftox.2022.895667. eCollection 2022.
In the recent past, nanotechnological advancements in engineered nanomaterials have demonstrated diverse and versatile applications in different arenas, including bio-imaging, drug delivery, bio-sensing, detection and analysis of biological macromolecules, bio-catalysis, nanomedicine, and other biomedical applications. However, public interests and concerns in the context of human exposure to these nanomaterials and their consequential well-being may hamper the wider applicability of these nanomaterial-based platforms. Furthermore, human exposure to these nanosized and engineered particulate materials has also increased drastically in the last 2 decades due to enormous research and development and anthropocentric applications of nanoparticles. Their widespread use in nanomaterial-based industries, viz., nanomedicine, cosmetics, and consumer goods has also raised questions regarding the potential of nanotoxicity in general and reproductive nanotoxicology in particular. In this review, we have summarized diverse aspects of nanoparticle safety and their toxicological outcomes on reproduction and developmental systems. Various research databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, were searched for the last 20 years up to the date of inception, and nano toxicological aspects of these materials on male and female reproductive systems have been described in detail. Furthermore, a discussion has also been dedicated to the placental interaction of these nanoparticles and how these can cross the blood-placental barrier and precipitate nanotoxicity in the developing offspring. Fetal abnormalities as a consequence of the administration of nanoparticles and pathophysiological deviations and aberrations in the developing fetus have also been touched upon. A section has also been dedicated to the regulatory requirements and guidelines for the testing of nanoparticles for their safety and toxicity in reproductive systems. It is anticipated that this review will incite a considerable interest in the research community functioning in the domains of pharmaceutical formulations and development in nanomedicine-based designing of therapeutic paradigms.
近年来，工程纳米材料的纳米技术进步已在不同领域展现出多样且广泛的应用，包括生物成像、药物递送、生物传感、生物大分子的检测与分析、生物催化、纳米医学及其他生物医学应用。然而，公众对于人类接触这些纳米材料及其对健康影响的关注，可能会阻碍这些基于纳米材料的平台更广泛的应用。此外，在过去20年里，由于纳米颗粒的大量研发和以人类为中心的应用，人类接触这些纳米尺寸的工程颗粒材料的情况也急剧增加。它们在基于纳米材料的行业，即纳米医学、化妆品和消费品中的广泛使用，也引发了关于一般纳米毒性尤其是生殖纳米毒理学潜力的问题。在这篇综述中，我们总结了纳米颗粒安全性的各个方面及其对生殖和发育系统的毒理学结果。搜索了包括PubMed和谷歌学术在内的各种研究数据库，涵盖过去20年直至撰写本文之时，并详细描述了这些材料对男性和女性生殖系统的纳米毒理学方面。此外，还专门讨论了这些纳米颗粒与胎盘的相互作用，以及它们如何穿过血胎盘屏障并在发育中的后代中引发纳米毒性。还提到了纳米颗粒给药导致的胎儿异常以及发育中胎儿的病理生理偏差和畸变。还专门有一部分内容介绍了纳米颗粒在生殖系统中安全性和毒性测试的监管要求和指南。预计这篇综述将引起在药物制剂领域以及基于纳米医学的治疗模式设计研发领域工作的研究群体的极大兴趣。
